I. Start the exam by click the “Start” button
Acute Kidney Injury & Chronic Kidney Disease- Part 1
See all quizzes of Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Kidney at here:
Acute Kidney Injury & Chronic Kidney Disease- Part 1| Acute Kidney Injury & Chronic Kidney Disease- Part 2 | Acute Kidney Injury & Chronic Kidney Disease- Part 3| Acute Kidney Injury & Chronic Kidney Disease- Part 4| Acute Kidney Injury & Chronic Kidney Disease- Part 5 | Acute Kidney Injury & Chronic Kidney Disease- Part 6
1.“Azo” means ?
A. Urea
B. Ammonia
C. Nitrogen
D. Waste
2. Term azotemia is used mostly for ?
A. Prerenal ARF
B. Intrinsic ARF
C. Postrenal ARF
D. All of the above
3. Which of the following about acute renal failure is false ?
A. Abrupt & sustained decrease in renal function with retention of nitrogenous and non-nitrogenous waste products
B. Acute & sustained increase in serum creatinine of 0.5 mg/ dL, if the baseline is < 2.5 mg/dL
C. Increase in serum creatinine of > 20% if the baseline is > 2.5mg/dL
D. None of the above
4. RIFLE system is used to classify ?
A. Acute renal failure
B. Chronic renal failure
C. Glomerulonephritis
D. Nephrotic syndrome
5. Which of the following about prerenal azotaemia is false ?
A Integrity of renal tissue is disturbed
B. Appropriate physiological response to renal hypoperfusion
C. Certain drugs can provoke acute prerenal failure
D. Persistent renal hypoperfusion leads to ischaemic ATN
6. Typical histological features of human acute tubular necrosis include ?
A. Loss of brush border in proximal tubular cells
B. Sloughing of tubular cells into the lumen
C. Interstitial oedema
D. All of the above
7. In kidneys, most of the blood supply is directed to ?
A. Renal cortex
B. Outer medulla
C. Medullary rays
D. None of the above
8. In established acute tubular necrosis, selective reduction in blood supply occurs in ?
A. Renal cortex
B. Outer medulla
C. Medullary rays
D. None of the above
9. Vasoconstrictors implicated in reduced renal blood flow in acute tubular necrosis are ?
A. Angiotensin II
B. Thromboxane A2
C. Prostaglandin H2
D. All of the above
10. Vasoconstrictors implicated in the reduced renal blood flow in acute tubular necrosis are ?
A. Leukotrienes C4 and D4
B. Endothelin 1
C. Adenosine
D. All of the above
11. Which of the following about urine findings in pre-renal ARF is false ?
A. Specific gravity about 1.020
B. Urine osmolality > 500
C. Fractional excretion of sodium (%) < 1
D. Fractional excretion of urea (%) > 35
12. Which of the following about urine findings in pre-renal ARF is false ?
A. Urine sodium < 10 mmol/L
B. Urine osmolality > 500
C. Fractional excretion of sodium (%) > 2
D. Fractional excretion of urea (%) < 35
13. Which of the following about urine findings in pre-renal ARF is false ?
A. Fractional excretion of uric acid (%) < 7
B. Fractional excretion of Lithium (%) < 7
C. Low brush border enzyme levels
D. None of the above
14. Which of the following about urine findings in renal ARF is false ?
A. Specific gravity about 1.010
B. Urine osmolality > 300
C. Fractional excretion of sodium (%) > 2
D. Fractional excretion of urea (%) < 35
15. Which of the following about urine findings in renal ARF is false ?
A. Urine sodium > 20 mmol/kg
B. Urine osmolality > 300
C. Fractional excretion of sodium (%) < 1
D. Fractional excretion of urea (%) > 35
16. Which of the following about urine findings in renal ARF is false ?
A. Fractional excretion of uric acid (%) > 15
B. Fractional excretion of Lithium (%) > 20
C. High brush border enzyme levels
D. None of the above
17. Biomarkers proposed for the early diagnosis of acute renal failure include ?
A. Urinary interleukin 18
B. Intestinal form of alkaline phosphatase
C. N-acetyl--glucosaminidase & alanine aminopeptidase
D. All of the above
18. Biomarkers specifically higher in ischaemic ATN is ?
A. Urinary interleukin 18
B. Kidney injury molecule 1
C. N-acetyl--glucosaminidase
D. Alanine aminopeptidase
19. Agents that impair autoregulation of renal blood flow include ?
A. NSAIDs
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Angiotensin-II-receptor blockers
D. All of the above
20. Oliguria is defined as ?
A. Urine output < 100 mL/day with ECF overload
B. Urine output < 200 mL/day with ECF overload
C. Urine output < 300 mL/day with ECF overload
D. Urine output < 400 mL/day with ECF overload
21. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) relates best with ?
A. Prerenal ARF
B. Intrinsic ARF
C. Postrenal ARF
D. All of the above
22. Prerenal ARF can complicate which of the following ?
A. Low cardiac output
B. Systemic vasodilatation
C. Selective intrarenal vasoconstriction
D. All of the above
23. Hypovolemia leads to activation of ?
A. Sympathetic nervous system
B. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
C. Release of arginine vasopressin
D. All of the above
24. Which of the following is an action of Angiotensin II ?
A. Increased biosynthesis of Prostaglandin E2
B. Increased biosynthesis of prostacyclin
C. Preferential constriction of efferent arterioles
D. All of the above
25. Which of the following drugs cause impairment of renal autoregulatory responses ?
A. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
B. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
C. Angiotensin II receptor blockers
D. All of the above
26. Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a form of ?
A. Prerenal ARF
B. Intrinsic ARF
C. Intratubular obstruction
D. Postrenal ARF
