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Acute Kidney Injury & Chronic Kidney Disease- Part 2
See all quizzes of Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Kidney at here:
Acute Kidney Injury & Chronic Kidney Disease- Part 1| Acute Kidney Injury & Chronic Kidney Disease- Part 2 | Acute Kidney Injury & Chronic Kidney Disease- Part 3| Acute Kidney Injury & Chronic Kidney Disease- Part 4| Acute Kidney Injury & Chronic Kidney Disease- Part 5
1.Which of the following is false about hepatorenal syndrome ?
A. Kidneys are structurally normal
B. Kidneys fail due to intense renal vasoconstriction
C. Type I HRS is the more aggressive form
D. None of the above
2. Which of the following leads to intrinsic ARF ?
A. Ischemic or nephrotoxic tubular injury
B. Tubulointerstitial diseases
C. Diseases of renal microcirculation & glomeruli
D. All of the above
3. Ischemic renal injury is most prominent in ?
A. S1 segment of proximal tubule
B. S2 segment of proximal tubule
C. S3 segment of proximal tubule
D. Cortical thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
4. Urine output is lowest in which of the following phases of ischemic ATN ?
A. Initiation
B. Extension
C. Maintenance
D. Recovery
5. Diuretic phase occurs in which of the following phases of ischemic ATN ?
A. Initiation
B. Extension
C. Maintenance
D. Recovery
6. Which of the following cause kidney injury through intrarenal vasoconstriction ?
A. Radiocontrast agents
B. Cyclosporine
C. Tacrolimus
D. All of the above
7. Endogenous nephrotoxins include all except ?
A. Calcium
B. Magnesium
C. Urate
D. Oxalate
8. Which of the following is an endogenous nephrotoxin ?
A. Myoglobin
B. Hemoglobin
C. Myeloma light chains
D. All of the above
9. Increased serum LDH is found in which of the following causes of acute renal failure ?
A. Renal artery thrombosis
B. HUS / TTP
C. Hemolysis
D. All of the above
10. Eosinophilia is found in which of the following causes of acute renal failure ?
A. Renal artery thrombosis
B. HUS / TTP
C. Hemolysis
D. Atheroembolic disease
11. Hypocomplementemia is found in which of the following causes of acute renal failure ?
A. Renal artery thrombosis
B. Ethylene glycol ingestion
C. Multiple myeloma
D. Atheroembolic disease
12. Tamm-Horsfall protein is secreted by epithelial cells of ?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Distal convoluted tubule
D. All of the above
13. Pigmented “muddy brown” granular cast is characteristic of ?
A. Prerenal ARF
B. Ischemic or nephrotoxic ATN
C. Postrenal ARF
D. All of the above
14. Broad granular casts are characteristic of ?
A. Glomerular injury
B. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis
C. Ischemic or nephrotoxic ATN
D. Chronic kidney disease
15. Oxalate crystal is best related with ?
A. Envelope-shaped
B. Needle-shaped
C. Round-shaped
D. Elliptical-shaped
16. Hippurate crystal is best related with ?
A. Envelope-shaped
B. Needle-shaped
C. Round-shaped
D. Elliptical-shaped
17. Urine is strongly positive for heme by dipstick in ?
A. Hemoglobinuria
B. Hematuria
C. Myoglobinuria
D. All of the above
18. Fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) is calculated as ?
A. [(urine sodium x plasma sodium)÷ (plasma creatinine x urine creatinine)] x 100
B. [(urine creatinine x plasma creatinine)÷ (plasma sodium x urine sodium)] x 100
C. [(urine sodium x urine creatinine)÷ (plasma sodium x plasma creatinine)] x 100
D. [(urine sodium x plasma creatinine)÷ (plasma sodium x urine creatinine)] x 100
19. Presence of which of the following suggests a diagnosis of acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis ?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyperphosphatemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. All of the above
20. In acute renal failure, severe anemia in the absence of hemorrhage suggests ?
A. Hemolysis
B. Multiple myeloma
C. Thrombotic microangiopathy
D. Any of the above
21. In acute renal failure, systemic eosinophilia suggests ?
A. Allergic interstitial nephritis
B. Atheroembolic disease
C. Polyarteritis nodosa
D. Any of the above
22. Acute renal failure impairs which of the following ?
A. Renal excretion of sodium, potassium & water
B. Divalent cation homeostasis
C. Urinary acidification mechanisms
D. All of the above
23. Which of the following is not a feature of acute renal failure ?
A. Hyperphosphatemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypomagnesemia
D. Metabolic acidosis
24. Hyperkalemia in acute renal failure is severe in ?
A. Rhabdomyolysis
B. Hemolysis
C. Tumor lysis syndrome
D. All of the above
25. Which of the following can occur during recovery phase of ARF ?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypophosphatemia
D. All of the above
26. Cockcroft – Gault equation is used for estimation of ?
A. Urinary anion gap
B. Serum anion gap
C. Glomeruler filtration rate (GFR)
D. Fractional excretion of sodium
