[MCQ] Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Kidney- Part 2

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Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Kidney- Part 2

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Congratulations - you have completed Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Kidney- Part 2. You scored %%SCORE%% out of %%TOTAL%%. Your performance has been rated as %%RATING%%

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Question 1

Site of action of loop diuretics is ?

A	Proximal convoluted tubule
B	Loop of Henle
C	Distal convoluted tubule
D	Collecting duct

Question 1 Explanation:

Site of action of loop diuretics is loop of Henle.

Question 2

Water-permeability is highest in ?

A	Descending thin limb
B	Ascending thin limb
C	Ascending thick limb
D	Ascending thick limb

Question 2 Explanation:

Descending thin limb of loop of Henle is highly water-permeable due to dense expression of aquaporin-1 water channels. Water permeability is negligible in the ascending limb.

Question 3

Which of the following is the primary target for loop diuretics ?

A	Na+/Cl– co-transporter
B	Na+/K+/2Cl– co-transporter
C	Na+/K+-ATPase
D	Apical Ca++-selective channels (TRPV5)

Question 3 Explanation:

The Na+/K+/2Cl– co-transporter is the primary target for loop diuretics

Question 4

Tubular concentration of K+ is ?

A	~ 2 meq/L
B	~ 4 meq/L
C	~ 6 meq/L
D	~ 6 meq/L

Question 4 Explanation:

Tubular concentration of K+ is similar to plasma i.e. about 4 meq/L

Question 5

Which of the following is an inherited disorder of the thick ascending limb ?

A	Gitelman’s syndrome
B	Bartter’s syndrome
C	Gordon’s syndrome
D	Liddle’s syndrome

Question 5 Explanation:

Bartter’s syndrome is an inherited disorder of thick ascending limb. It leads to a salt-wasting renal disease with hypokalemia & metabolic alkalosis.

Question 6

Loss-of-function mutations in which of the following can cause Bartter’s syndrome ?

A	NKCC2
B	NKCC2
C	CLCNKB
D	Any of the above

Question 6 Explanation:

Loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding components of Na+/K+/2Cl– co-transporter (NKCC2), apical K+ channel (KCNJ1) or basolateral Cl– channel (CLCNKB, BSND) can cause Bartter’s syndrome.

Question 7

Positive electrostatic charge in the lumen relative to interstitium is caused by ?

A	Mg2+ reabsorption
B	Ca2+ reabsorption
C	Potassium recycling
D	All of the above

Question 7 Explanation:

Potassium recycling contributes to a positive electrostatic charge in lumen relative to the interstitium.

Question 8

Which of the following is a transmembrane protein located within the tight junction complex ?

A	Hensin
B	Paracellin-1
C	Nedd4-2
D	All of the above

Question 8 Explanation:

Mutations in CLDN16 encoding paracellin-1, a transmembrane protein located within the tight junction complex, leads to familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalcuria and nephrocalcinosis

Question 9

A molecular complex of which of the following proteins is critical for Mg2+ reabsorption in thick ascending limb of Henle ?

A	TRPM1 and TRPM2
B	TRPM3 and TRPM4
C	TRPM5 and TRPM6
D	TRPM6 and TRPM7

Question 9 Explanation:

A molecular complex of TRPM6 and TRPM7 proteins is critical for Mg2+ reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of Henle

Question 10

“Countercurrent multiplication” leads to ?

A	Hypotonic medullary interstitium
B	Hypertonic medullary interstitium
C	Isotonic medullary interstitium
D	Any of the above

Question 10 Explanation:

Loop of Henle and and vasa recta establishes a hypertonic medullary interstitium by phenomenon called countercurrent multiplication.

Question 11

Loss-of-function mutations of SLC12A3 encoding the apical Na+/Cl– co-transporter cause ?

A	Gitelman’s syndrome
B	Bartter’s syndrome
C	Gordon’s syndrome
D	Liddle’s syndrome

Question 11 Explanation:

Loss-of-function mutations of SLC12A3 encoding the apical Na+/Cl– co-transporter cause Gitelman’s syndrome - a salt-wasting disorder associated with hypokalemic alkalosis and hypocalciuria

Question 12

Mutations in genes encoding WNK kinases, WNK-1 & WNK-4 cause ?

A	Gitelman’s syndrome
B	Bartter’s syndrome
C	Gordon’s syndrome
D	Liddle’s syndrome

Question 12 Explanation:

Mutations in genes encoding WNK kinases, WNK-1 and WNK-4 cause pseudohypoaldosteronism type II or Gordon’s syndrome characterized by familial hypertension with hyperkalemia

Question 13

Which of the following about principal cells of cortical collecting duct is false ?

A	Main Na+ reabsorbing cells
B	Main Na+ reabsorbing cells
C	Site of action of K+-sparing diuretics
D	None of the above

Question 13 Explanation:

Principal cells are the main Na+ reabsorbing cells and the site of action of aldosterone, K+-sparing diuretics, and spironolactone

Question 14

Which of the following is true for type A intercalated cells of cortical collecting duct ?

A	Acid secretion & bicarbonate reabsorption
B	Bicarbonate secretion & acid reabsorption
C	Bicarbonate secretion & acid reabsorption
D	Bicarbonate secretion & acid reabsorption

Question 15

Which of the following is true for type B intercalated cells of cortical collecting duct ?

A	Acid secretion & bicarbonate reabsorption
B	Bicarbonate secretion & acid reabsorption
C	Acid & bicarbonate secretion
D	Acid & bicarbonate reabsorption

Question 15 Explanation:

Type A intercalated cells of cortical collecting duct mediate acid secretion and bicarbonate reabsorption. Type B intercalated cells mediate bicarbonate secretion and acid reabsorption

Question 16

Activating mutations occur in which of the following channels in Liddle’s syndrome ?

A	Na+
B	K+
C	Cl
D	HCO3-

Question 17

All of the following are features of Liddle’s syndrome except ?

A	Hypokalemia
B	Hypernatremia
C	Hypertension
D	Metabolic alkalosis

Question 17 Explanation:

In Liddle’s syndrome, activating mutations occur in epithelial Na+ channel causing increase in Na+ reclamation that produces hypokalemia, hypertension, and metabolic alkalosis.

Question 18

Extracellular protein hensin is best related to ?

A	Principal cells
B	Intercalated cells
C	Podocytes
D	Mesangial cells

Question 18 Explanation:

In acidemia, kidneys uses type A intercalated cells to secrete excess H+ & generate more HCO3–. In bicarbonate excess with alkalemia type B intercalated cells predominate. Extracellular protein ‘hensin’ mediates this adaptation

Question 19

Which of the following water channels “aquaporin” is not present in inner medullary collecting duct cells ?

A	Aquaporin-1
B	Aquaporin-2
C	Aquaporin-3
D	Aquaporin-4

Question 19 Explanation:

Inner medullary collecting duct cells have vasopressin-regulated water channels (aquaporin-2 on apical & aquaporin-3 & 4 on basolateral membrane). Aquaporin-1 water channels are densely expressed in descending thin limb of loop of Henle

Question 20

Which of the following aquaporin is not regulated by vasopressin in the collecting duct ?

A	Aquaporin 1
B	Aquaporin 2
C	Aquaporin 3
D	Aquaporin 4

Question 20 Explanation:

Aquaporin 1 is active in all water-permeable segments of proximal & distal tubules, while aquaporins 2, 3, and 4 are regulated by vasopressin in the collecting duct.

Question 21

Which of the following is false about renal natriuretic peptide (urodilatin) ?

A	Secreted by renal tubular epithelia
B	Interacts with apical receptors on inner medullary collecting duct cells
C	Attenuates net Na+ reabsorption
D	None of the above

Question 22

Urodilatin resembles which of the following ?

A	Atrial natriuretic peptide
B	Aldosterone
C	Renin
D	PGE2

Question 23

Which of the folowing TRPV channels is osmoreceptive ?

A	TRPV1+
B	TRPV2+
C	TRPV3+
D	TRPV4+

Question 23 Explanation:

Vanilloid receptors Transient receptor potential (TRPV) channels respond to changes in tonicity. TRPV4+ neuronal cells connected to supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in hypothalamus are osmoreceptive. They modulate release of vasopressin by posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Question 24

Aldosterone leads to which of the following in principal cells of the collecting duct ?

A	Increase activity of apical membrane Na+ channel
B	Increase activity of apical membrane K+ channel
C	Increase activity of basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase
D	All of the above

Question 24 Explanation:

Aldosterone binds to cytoplasmic mineralocorticoid receptors in principal cells of collecting duct & increases activity of apical membrane Na+ channel, apical membrane K+ channel & basolateral Na+/ K+-ATPase.

Question 25

Aldosterone mediates its effects by which of the following genes ?

A	SLC2A2
B	CLCN5
C	SGK1
D	CASR

Question 25 Explanation:

Aldosterone mediates its effects in part by serum/glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1)

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See all quizzes of Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Kidney at here:

Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Kidney- Part 1 | Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Kidney- Part 2

1. Site of action of loop diuretics is ?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Distal convoluted tubule

D. Collecting duct

2. Water-permeability is highest in ?
A. Descending thin limb
B. Ascending thin limb
C. Ascending thick limb
D. Proximal convoluted tubule

3. Which of the following is the primary target for loop diuretics ?
A. Na+/Cl– co-transporter
B. Na+/K+/2Cl– co-transporter
C. Na+/K+-ATPase
D. Apical Ca++-selective channels (TRPV5)

4. Tubular concentration of K+ is ?
A. ~ 2 meq/L
B. ~ 4 meq/L
C. ~ 6 meq/L
D. ~ 8 meq/L

5. Which of the following is an inherited disorder of the thick ascending limb ?
A. Gitelman’s syndrome
B. Bartter’s syndrome
C. Gordon’s syndrome
D. Liddle’s syndrome

6. Loss-of-function mutations in which of the following can cause Bartter’s syndrome ?
A. NKCC2
B. KCNJ1
C. CLCNKB
D. Any of the above

7. Positive electrostatic charge in the lumen relative to interstitium is caused by ?
A. Mg2+ reabsorption
B. Ca2+ reabsorption
C. Potassium recycling

D. All of the above

8. Which of the following is a transmembrane protein located within the tight junction complex ?
A. Hensin
B. Paracellin-1
C. Nedd4-2
D. All of the above

9. A molecular complex of which of the following proteins is critical for Mg2+ reabsorption in thick ascending limb of Henle ?
A. TRPM1 and TRPM2
B. TRPM3 and TRPM4
C. TRPM5 and TRPM6
D. TRPM6 and TRPM7

10. “Countercurrent multiplication” leads to ?
A. Hypotonic medullary interstitium
B. Hypertonic medullary interstitium
C. Isotonic medullary interstitium
D. Any of the above

11. Loss-of-function mutations of SLC12A3 encoding the apical Na+/Cl– co-transporter cause ?
A. Gitelman’s syndrome
B. Bartter’s syndrome
C. Gordon’s syndrome
D. Liddle’s syndrome

12. Mutations in genes encoding WNK kinases, WNK-1 & WNK-4 cause ?
A. Gitelman’s syndrome
B. Bartter’s syndrome
C. Gordon’s syndrome
D. Liddle’s syndrome

13. Which of the following about principal cells of cortical collecting duct is false ?
A. Main Na+ reabsorbing cells

B. Site of action of aldosterone
C. Site of action of K+-sparing diuretics
D. None of the above

14. Which of the following is true for type A intercalated cells of cortical collecting duct ?
A. Acid secretion & bicarbonate reabsorption
B. Bicarbonate secretion & acid reabsorption
C. Acid & bicarbonate secretion
D. Acid & bicarbonate reabsorption
15. Which of the following is true for type B intercalated cells of cortical collecting duct ?
A. Acid secretion & bicarbonate reabsorption
B. Bicarbonate secretion & acid reabsorption
C. Acid & bicarbonate secretion
D. Acid & bicarbonate reabsorption

16. Activating mutations occur in which of the following channels in Liddle’s syndrome ?
A. Na+
B. K+
C. Cl
D. HCO3-
17. All of the following are features of Liddle’s syndrome except ?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypertension
D. Metabolic alkalosis

18. Extracellular protein hensin is best related to ?
A. Principal cells
B. Intercalated cells
C. Podocytes
D. Mesangial cells

19. Which of the following water channels “aquaporin” is not present in inner medullary collecting duct cells ?
A. Aquaporin-1
B. Aquaporin-2
C. Aquaporin-3

D. Aquaporin-4

20. Which of the following aquaporin is not regulated by vasopressin in the collecting duct ?

A. Aquaporin 1
B. Aquaporin 2
C. Aquaporin 3
D. Aquaporin 4

21. Which of the following is false about renal natriuretic peptide (urodilatin) ?
A. Secreted by renal tubular epithelia
B. Interacts with apical receptors on inner medullary collecting duct cells
C. Attenuates net Na+ reabsorption
D. None of the above

22. Urodilatin resembles which of the following ?
A. Atrial natriuretic peptide
B. Aldosterone
C. Renin
D. PGE2

23. Which of the folowing TRPV channels is osmoreceptive ?
A. TRPV1+
B. TRPV2+
C. TRPV3+
D. TRPV4+

24. Aldosterone leads to which of the following in principal cells of the collecting duct ?
A. Increase activity of apical membrane Na+ channel
B. Increase activity of apical membrane K+ channel
C. Increase activity of basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase
D. All of the above

25. Aldosterone mediates its effects by which of the following genes ?2508
A. SLC2A2
B. CLCN5
C. SGK1

D. CASR

Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Kidney

[MCQ] Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Kidney- Part 2

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Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Kidney- Part 2

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