[MCQ] Acidosis & Alkalosis- Part 1

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Acidosis & Alkalosis- Part 1 |Acidosis & Alkalosis- Part 2| Acidosis & Alkalosis- Part 3| Acidosis & Alkalosis- Part 4

1.Systemic arterial pH is maintained between 7.35 & 7.45 by ?
A. Central nervous system
B. Respiratory system
C. Kidney
D. All of the above

2. Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used to determine ?
A. PaCO2
B. PaO2
C. Systemic pH
D. Anion gap
3. Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is ?
A. 4.1 + log (HCO3- / (PaCO2 x 0.0301))
B. 5.1 + log (HCO3- / (PaCO2 x 0.0301))
C. 6.1 + log (HCO3- / (PaCO2 x 0.0301))
D. 7.1 + log (HCO3- / (PaCO2 x 0.0301))

4 .Increases or decreases in Pa CO2 represent derangements of ?
A. Neural respiratory control
B. Compensatory response to alteration in plasma [HCO3-]

C. A+B
D. None of the above
5. Which of the following statements is false ?
A. Usual steady-state PaCO2 is 60 mm Hg
B. CO2 underexcretion produces hypercapnia
C. CO2 overexcretion causes hypocapnia
D. PaCO

6 Which of the following statements is false ?
A. Hypercapnia is the result of hypoventilation
B. Primary alteration of PaCO2 evokes renal adaptation
C. PaCO2 changes result from alteration in plasma [HCO3–]
D. None of the above
7 Kidneys regulate plasma [HCO3-] by ?
A. Reabsorption of filtered HCO3-
B. Formation of titratable acid
C. Excretion of NH4+ in urine
D. All of the above
8 Kidneys excrete how much HCO3- ions per day ?
A. About 2000 mmol
B. About 3000 mmol
C. About 4000 mmol
D. About 5000 mmol
9 Kidneys excrete how much H+ ions per day ?
A. About 2000 mmol
B. About 3000 mmol
C. About 4000 mmol
D. About 5000 mmol

10 Which part of nephron reabsorbs most of HCO3- ions ?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Distal convoluted tubule
D. Collecting duct

11.  NH4+ production & excretion are impaired in ?
A. Chronic renal failure
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Renal tubular acidosis
D. All of the above

12 Normally, what quantity of H+ is secreted daily by distal nephron ?
A. 40 – 60 mmol
B. 60 – 80 mmol
C. 80 – 100 mmol
D. 100 – 120 mmol

13 Secreted H+ is represented in the urine as ?
A. NH4+
B. Titratable acid
C. Titratable acid & NH4+
D. All of the above

14.  Which of the following formula is correct ?
A. PaCO2 = (1.3 x [HCO3–]) + 8
B PaCO2 = (1.4 x [HCO3–]) + 8
C. PaCO2 = (1.5 x [HCO3–]) + 8
D. PaCO2 = (1.6 x [HCO3–]) + 8
15. In simple metabolic acidosis, PaCO2 would decrease by how much for each mmol/L decrease in [HCO3–] ?
A. 1.25 mmHg
B. 1.50 mmHg
C. 1.75 mmHg
D. 2.00 mmHg

16 Which of the following statements about mixed acid-base disorders is false ?
A. Due to independently coexisting disorders
B. Relationship is not as compensatory responses
C. Can lead to dangerous extremes of pH
D. None of the above

17 In clinical laboratory, which of the following is calculated from the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation ?
A. pH
B. Pa
CO2
C. [HCO3–]
D. All of the above

18 Anionic gap (AG) is calculated by ?
A. AG = Na+ + (Cl– – HCO3–)
B. AG = Na+ – (Cl– – HCO3–)
C. AG = Na+ + (Cl– + HCO3–)
D. AG = Na+ – (Cl– + HCO3–)

19 Anion gap represents “unmeasured” anions like ?
A. Anionic proteins (Albumin)
B. Phosphate
C. Sulfate
D. All of the above

20 Increase in AG is most often due to ?
A. Increase in unmeasured anions
B. Increase in measured anions
C. Decrease in unmeasured cations
D. Decrease in measured cations

21 A fall in serum albumin by 1 g/dL from the normal value (4.5 g/ dL) decreases the anion gap by ?
A. 1.5 meq/L
B. 2.0 meq/L
C. 2.5 meq/L
D. 3.0 meq/L

22 Metabolic acidosis can occur because of ?
A. Increase in endogenous acid production
B. Loss of bicarbonate
C. Accumulation of endogenous acids
D. All of the above

23 Metabolic acidosis has profound effect on which of the following systems ?
A. Respiratory
B. Cardiac
C. Nervous
D. All of the above