Select the one best response to each question!
The gubernaculum is represented postnatally by which of the following structures?
The gubernaculum is a fibrous cord connecting the primordial testis to the anterolateral wall at the site of the future deep inguinal ring. The gubernaculum is represented postnatally by the scrotal ligament, which extends from the testis to the skin of the scrotum
The cremaster muscle and fascia are derived from which of the following structures?
The cremasteric fascia contains loops of cremaster muscle, which is formed by the lowermost fascicles of the internal oblique muscle arising from the inguinal ligament. The cremasteric fascia is derived from the deep and superficial fascia of the internal oblique
The cremaster muscle is innervated by which of the following nerves?
The cremaster muscle is innervated by the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
The artery of the ductus deferens arises from which of the following structures?
The artery of the ductus deferens arises from the inferior vesicle
All of the following nerves contribute branches to the scrotum EXCEPT
Genital branch of the genitofemoral, anterior scrotal branches of the ilioinguinal, posterior scrotal branches of the pudendal, and perineal branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous provide the innervation to the scrotum
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The epididymis is located on the posterior aspect of which of the following structures?
The epididymis lies on the posterior surface of the testis, which is covered by the tunica vaginalis except at its posterior margin
The testes are covered by a tough fibrous coat known as the
The testes are covered with a tough fibrous coat know as the tunica albuginea
Which of the following structures represents the closed-off distal part of the embryonic processus vaginalis?
The tunica vaginalis is a closed peritoneal sac partially surrounding the testis, which represents the closed-off distal part of the embryonic processus vaginalis
The pampiniform plexus provides which of the following testicular functions?
The pampiniform plexus is part of the thermoregulatory system of the testis, helping to keep this gland at a constant temperature
The parasympathetic innervation of the testis includes which of the following nerves?
The autonomic nerves of the testis arise as the testicular plexus of nerves on the testicular artery, which contains vagal parasympathetic fibers and sympathetic fibers from the T7 segment of the spinal cord
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The peritoneal cavity contains which of the following?
The peritoneal cavity is a potential space of capillary thinness between the parietal and visceral layers of peritoneum. It contains no organs but rather a thin film of peritoneal fluid that lubricates the peritoneal surfaces
Which of the following structures connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to the liver?
The lesser omentum connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to the liver
Which of the following structures is often referred to as the “abdominal policeman”?
The greater omentum has considerable mobility and moves around the peritoneal cavity with peristaltic movements of the viscera. It wraps itself around an inflamed organ such as the appendix, walling it off and thereby protecting other viscera from it. For this reason, the great omentum is referred to as the “policeman of the peritoneal cavity.”
Which of the following ligaments conducts the portal triad (portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct)?
The liver is connected to the duodenum by the hepatoduodenal ligament (the thickened free edge of the lesser omentum that conducts the portal triad: portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct
Which of the following structures forms the superior boundary of the omental foramen?
The caudate lobe of the liver, covered with visceral peritoneum, forms the superior boundary of the omental foramen (epiploic foramen, or foramen of Winslow), an opening situated posterior to the free edge of the lesser omentum (hepatoduodenal ligament).
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Which of the following structures contains both smooth and skeletal muscles?
The esophagus has internal circular and external longitudinal layers of muscle. In its superior third, the external layer consists of skeletal muscle, the inferior third is composed of smooth muscle, and the middle third is made up of both types of muscle
Which of the following arteries provides the abdominal parts of the esophagus with its arterial supply?
The arterial supply of the abdominal part of the esophagus is from the left gastric artery, a branch of the celiac trunk, and the left inferior phrenic artery
Rugae are located in which of the following structures?
When the gastric mucosa is contracted, it is thrown into longitudinal ridges known as gastric folds or rugae
The left gastro-omental artery arises from which of the following arteries?
The left gastro-omental artery arises from the splenic artery and courses along the greater curvature to anastomose with the right gastroomental artery
The sympathetic nerve supply of the stomach arises from which of the following cord segments?
The sympathetic nerve supply of the stomach from T6 through T9 segments of the spinal cord passes to the celiac plexus through the greater splanchnic nerve
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| 21. The gubernaculum is represented postnatally by which of the following structures? (A) tunica vaginalis testes (B) processus vaginalis (C) ductus deferens (D) scrotal ligament (E) internal spermatic fascia |
| 22. The cremaster muscle and fascia are derived from which of the following structures? (A) external abdominal oblique muscle (B) transverse abdominal muscle and fascia (C) internal abdominal muscle (D) transversalis fascia (E) external abdominal aponeurosis |
| 23. The cremaster muscle is innervated by which of the following nerves? (A) genital branch of the genitofemoral (B) ilioinguinal(C) T12 (D) femoral (E) obturator |
| 24. The artery of the ductus deferens arises from which of the following structures? (A) aorta (B) inferior epigastric (C) inferior vesical (D) pudendal (E) common iliac |
| 24. The artery of the ductus deferens arises from which of the following structures? (A) aorta (B) inferior epigastric (C) inferior vesical (D) pudendal (E) common iliac |
| 26. The epididymis is located on the posterior aspect of which of the following structures? (A) urinary bladder (B) prostate (C) testis (D) ovary (E) uterine tube |
| 27. The testes are covered by a tough fibrous coat known as the (A) cremaster fascia (B) tunica albuginea (C) gubernaculum (D) tunica dartos (E) Scarpa’s fascia |
| 28. Which of the following structures represents the closed-off distal part of the embryonic processus vaginalis? (A) gubernaculum (B) tunica albuginea (C) epididymis (D) tunica vaginalis (E) urogenital diaphragm |
| 29. The pampiniform plexus provides which of the following testicular functions? (A) lymphatic drainage (B) blood supply (C) nerve supply (D) thermoregulatory system (E) hormonal production |
| 30. The parasympathetic innervation of the testis includes which of the following nerves? (A) pelvic splanchnic (B) vagus (C) iliohypogastric (D) ilioinguinal (E) pudendal |
| 31. The peritoneal cavity contains which of the following? (A) liver (B) pancreas (C) large intestine (D) kidney (E) peritoneal fluid |
| 32. Which of the following structures connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to the liver? (A) lesser omentum (B) peritoneal ligament (C) mesentery (D) lesser omentum (E) peritoneal fold |
| 33. Which of the following structures is often referred to as the “abdominal policeman”? (A) hepatoduodenal ligament (B) gastrohepatic ligament (C) greater omentum (D) gastrocolic ligament (E) falciform ligament |
| 34. Which of the following ligaments conducts the portal triad (portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct)?
(A) greater omentum |
| 35. Which of the following structures forms the superior boundary of the omental foramen? (A) inferior vena cava (B) duodenum (C) caudate lobe of the liver (D) head of the pancreas (E) hepatoduodenal ligament |
| 36. Which of the following structures contains both smooth and skeletal muscles? (A) stomach (B) jejunum (C) cecum (D) esophagus (E) rectum |
| 37. Which of the following arteries provides the abdominal parts of the esophagus with its arterial supply? (A) cystic (B) gastroduodenal (C) left gastric (D) hepatic (E) left gastroepiploic |
| 38. Rugae are located in which of the following structures? (A) duodenum (B) stomach (C) cecum (D) ileum (E) transverse colon |
| 39. The left gastro-omental artery arises from which of the following arteries? (A) splenic (B) hepatic (C) gastroduodenal(D) left gastric (E) right gastric |
| 40. The sympathetic nerve supply of the stomach arises from which of the following cord segments? (A) T1–T5 (B) T6–T9 (C) T6–T12 (D) L1–L3 (E) T10–L2 |
