[Anatomy] The Abdomen quizzes – Part 3 (20 questions)

The main pancreatic duct and the bile duct unite to form a short, dilated hepatopancreatic ampulla, which opens into the descending part of the duodenum at the summit of the major duodenal papilla

The duodenojejunal junction is supported by the suspensory muscle of the duodenum (ligament of Treitz)

The large intestine can be distinguished from the small intestine by teniae coli, haustra, and omental appendices

The spleen is the largest of the lymphatic organs and is a mobile structure entirely surrounded by peritoneum except at the hilum. It lies beneath the 9th, 10th, and 11th ribs and does not normally descend inferior to the costal margin. The spleen varies considerably in size, weight, and shape

There are no teniae in the appendix or rectum

The superior mesenteric and splenic veins unite to form the portal vein posterior to the neck of the pancreas

The gastroduodenal artery and its branches, the superior anterior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, supply the duodenum proximal to the entry of the bile duct into the descending (second) portion of the duodenum

The head of the pancreas rests posteriorly on the inferior vena cava, right renal artery and vein and left renal vein

The base of the appendix lies deep to a point that is one-third of the way along the oblique line, joining the right anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus (spinoumbilical or McBurney’s point)

The sympathetic fibers in the nerves to the jejunum and ileum originate in the T5 through T9 segments of the spinal cord

The root of the mesentery crosses (successively) the ascending and horizontal parts of the duodenum, abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, right ureter, right psoas major, and right testicular or ovarian vessels

The superior (1st) part of the duodenum lies anterolateral to the body of L1 vertebra

The bile and pancreatic ducts enter the posteromedial wall of the 2nd portion of the duodenum

The inferior or horizontal (third) portion of the duodenum is crossed by the superior mesenteric artery and vein and the root of the mesentery of the jejunum and ileum

The jejunum contains circular folds along with the duodenum. The circular folds are absent in the ileum and large intestine

The appendix is supplied by the appendicular artery, a branch of the ileocolic artery

The pelvic splanchnic nerves provide the parasympathetic innervation for the distal one-third of the transverse colon, descending colon, and rectum

The rectum, the fixed terminal part of the large intestine, is continuous with the sigmoid colon at the level of S3 vertebra

The head of the pancreas is embraced by the C-shaped curve of the duodenum to the right of the superior mesenteric vessels

The splenic artery, the largest branch of the celiac trunk, follows a tortuous course posterior to the omental bursa, anterior to the left kidney, and along the superior border of the pancreas