[Anatomy] The Pelvis and Perineum Quizzes – Part 5 (20 questions)

The perineal body is the major structure incised during median episiotomy for childbirth

The bladder is relatively free within the extraperitoneal subcutaneous fatty tissue except for its neck, which is held firmly by the puboprostatic ligaments in males and the pubovesical ligaments in females

The superior rectal artery is the direct continuation of the inferior mesenteric artery. The superior rectal artery anastomoses with branches of the middle rectal artery (a branch of the internal iliac artery) and with the inferior rectal artery (a branch of the internal pudendal artery)

The synonymous terms vulva and pudendum include the clitoris, vestibule of the vagina, bulbs of vestibule, and greater vestibular gland

The median umbilical ligament is formed by the remnant of the urachus

In young women, especially virgins, the labia minora are connected by a small fold known as the frenulum of the labia minora or the fourchette

The ovarian arteries arise from the abdominal aorta

The deep arteries of the penis are the main vessels supplying the cavernous spaces in the erectile tissue of the corpora cavernosa and are therefore involved in the erection of the penis. They give off numerous branches that open directly into the cavernous spaces. When the penis is flaccid, these arteries are coiled and therefore are called helicine arteries

The inferior ends of the seminal vesicles are closely related to the rectum and are separated from it only by the rectovesical septum, a membranous partition

When empty, the adult male or female urinary bladder is in the lesser pelvis, lying posterior and slightly superior to the pubic bones. It is separated from these bones by the potential retropubic space and lies inferior to the peritoneum, where it rests on the pelvic floor

The prostate is the largest accessory gland of the male reproductive system

The pubovaginalis, external urethral sphincter, urethrovaginal sphincter, and bulbospongiosus compress the vagina and act like sphincters

Distally the corpus spongiosum expands to form the conical glans penis

In males the rectum is related anteriorly to the fundus of the urinary bladder, terminal parts of the ureters, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate

The superior gluteal artery leaves the pelvis through the superior part of the greater sciatic foramen, superior to the piriformis muscle, to supply the gluteal muscles in the buttocks

The slender ducts of the greater vestibular glands pass deep to the bulbs of the vestibule and open into the vestibule on each side of the vaginal orifice. The lesser vestibular glands are small glands on each side of the vestibule that open into it between the urethral and vaginal orifices

The intermediate part of the urethra (membranous part) is the section passing through the external urethral sphincter and the perineal membrane. The short intermediate part, extending from the prostatic urethra to the spongy urethra, is the narrowest and least distensible part of the urethra

The part of the broad ligament forming the mesentery of the uterine tube is the mesosalpinx

The dilated terminal part of the rectum, lying directly above and supported by the pelvic diaphragm (levator ani) and anococcygeal ligament is the ampulla of the rectum