Select the one best response to each question!
Visceral afferent fibers of the tenth cranial nerve are NOT distributed to which of the following?
Visceral afferent fibers of the tenth cranial nerve are distributed to bronchial mucosa (for cough reflex), bronchial muscles (for stretch reception), interalveolar connective tissue (for Hering-Breuer reflexes, limiting respiratory excursions), and pulmonary arteries (as pressure receptors) and veins (as chemoreceptors)
The greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves are examples of what type of splanchnic nerves?
The greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves are lower thoracic splanchnic nerves
The greater splanchnic nerve originates from which vertebral levels?
The greater thoracic splanchnic nerve originates from vertebral levels T5–9
The fibers of the greater splanchnic nerve synapse in which ganglion?
The fibers of the greater splanchnic nerve synapse in the celiac ganglion
The level of the domes of the diaphragm varies according to various situations. Which of the following does NOT affect the level of the domes of the diaphragm?
The level of the domes of the diaphragm varies according to phase of respiration, posture, and size and degree of distention of abdominal viscera
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Which of the following passes through the caval opening of the diaphragm?
The inferior vena cava, terminal branches of the right phrenic nerve, and lymphatics pass through the caval opening of the diaphragm
Which of the following does NOT pass through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm?
The esophagus, anterior and posterior vagal trunks, esophageal branches of the left gastric vessels, and lymphatic vessels pass through the esophageal hiatus
Which of the following passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm?
The aorta, thoracic duct, and azygos vein (sometimes) pass through the aortic hiatus
Ribs are formed from which of the following?
Ribs form from costal processes of thoracic vertebrae and thus are derived from the sclerotome of paraxial medoderm
The pleuropericardial membranes develop into what structures of the adult?
The pleuropericardial membranes develop into the fibrous pericardium
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The entire cardiovascular system is derived from which of the following?
The entire cardiovascular system is derived from mesoderm.
Which of the following is NOT derived from the original aortic arch system?
The entire cardiovascular system is derived from mesoderm
The respiratory system is an outgrowth of what?
The respiratory system is an outgrowth of the ventral wall of the foregut
Which of the following correctly describes the development of the lungs, in order?
The lungs develop in the following periods: pseudoglandular period, canalicular period, terminal sac period, and alveolar period
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| 61. Visceral afferent fibers of the tenth cranial nerve are NOT distributed to which of the following? (A) bronchial mucosa (B) bronchial muscles (C) interalveolar connective tissue (D) pulmonary arteries and veins (E) diaphragm |
| 62. The greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves are examples of what type of splanchnic nerves?
(A) cervical splanchnic nerves |
| 63. The greater splanchnic nerve originates from which vertebral levels? (A) T1–4 (B) T5–9 (C) T10–11 (D) T12 (E) L1–4 |
| 64. The fibers of the greater splanchnic nerve synapse in which ganglion? (A) celiac ganglion (B) inferior mesenteric ganglion (C) paravertebral ganglia (D) pulmonary plexus (E) adrenal cortex |
| 65. The level of the domes of the diaphragm varies according to various situations. Which of the following does NOT affect the level of the domes of the diaphragm? (A) phase of respiration (B) posture (C) size of distention of abdominal viscera (D) degree of distention of abdominal viscera (E) heart contractions |
| 66. Which of the following passes through the caval opening of the diaphragm? (A) terminal branches of the right phrenic nerve (B) thoracic duct (C) greater thoracic splanchnic nerve (D) sympathetic trunk (E) vagus |
| 67. Which of the following does NOT pass through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm? (A) esophagus (B) branches of the left gastric vessels (C) lymphatic vessels (D) vagal trunks (E) lesser thoracic splanchnic nerve |
| 68. Which of the following passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm? (A) least thoracic splanchnic nerve (B) thoracic duct (C) branches of right gastric vessels (D) sympathetic trunks (E) terminal branches of the left phrenic nerve |
| 69. Ribs are formed from which of the following? (A) sclerotome portion of paraxial mesoderm (B) lateral plate mesoderm (C) ectodermal invagination (D) endodermal migration (E) neural crest cell transitory development |
| 70. The pleuropericardial membranes develop into what structures of the adult? (A) fibrous pericardium (B) diaphragm (C) parietal pleura (D) visceral pleura (E) the membranes degenerate completely |
| 71. The diaphragm is NOT derived from which of the following? (A) septum transversum (B) pleuroperitoneal membranes (C) muscular components from lateral and dorsal body walls (D) mesentery of esophagus (E) anterior thoracic fascia |
| 72. The entire cardiovascular system is derived from which of the following? (A) neural crest cells (B) endoderm(C) mesoderm (D) ectoderm (E) notochord invagination |
| 73. Which of the following is NOT derived from the original aortic arch system? (A) carotid arteries (B) arch of the aorta (C) pulmonary artery (D) right subclavian artery (E) coronary arteries |
| 74. The respiratory system is an outgrowth of what? (A) middle mediastinum (B) ventral wall of foregut (C) anterior abdominal wall (D) aortic arches (E) pharyngeal arches |
| 75. Which of the following correctly describes the development of the lungs, in order? (A) pseudoglandular period, canalicular period, terminal sac period, alveolar period (B) canalicular period, pseudoglandular period, terminal sac period, alveolar period (C) alveolar period, pseudoglandular period, canalicular period, terminal sac period (D) pseudoglandular period, terminal sac period, alveolar period, canalicular period (E) terminal sac period, alveolar period, pseudoglandular period, canalicular period |
