[MCQ] Tuberculosis- Part 1

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Tuberculosis- Part 1

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Question 1

Robert Koch won the Nobel Prize in which year ?

A	1905
B	1910
C	1915
D	1920

Question 1 Explanation:

Robert Koch received the 1905 Nobel Prize. His manuscript was published in the Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift.

Question 2

Robert Koch won the Nobel Prize in which year ?

A	1905
B	1910
C	1915
D	1920

Question 2 Explanation:

Robert Koch received the 1905 Nobel Prize. His manuscript was published in the Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift.

Question 3

M. tuberculosis complex includes all of the following species except ?

A	M. tuberculosis
B	M. bovis
C	M. africanum
D	M. xenopi

Question 3 Explanation:

M. tuberculosis complex includes M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum & M. microti.

Question 4

Tuberculosis also called “phthisis” which in Greek means ?

A	Wasting away
B	Swollen glands
C	Dark pigmentation of skin
D	Chronic cough

Question 5

MIRUs in genome of M. tuberculosis means ?

A	Mycobacterial interpolated repeat units
B	Mycobacterial interference repeat units
C	Mycobacterial interspersed representative units
D	Mycobacterial interspersed repeat units

Question 5 Explanation:

Genome of M. tuberculosis contains many mycobacterial interspersed repeat units (MIRUs), some containing identical repeat units & others containing repeats that vary slightly in sequence & length. MIRU genotyping categorizes the number & size of the repeats in each of 12 independent MIRUs, with the use of a polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay, followed by gel electrophoresis

Question 6

Which of the following about M. tuberculosis is false ?

A	Rod-shaped
B	Spore-forming
C	Aerobic bacterium
D	Measures about 0.5 μm by 3 μm

Question 6 Explanation:

M. tuberculosis is a rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, thin aerobic bacterium measuring 0.5 μm by 3 μm.

Question 7

Acid fastness of M. tuberculosis bacterium is is due to high content of ?

A	Phenolic acids in cell wall
B	Mycolic acids in cell wall
C	Tyrosine in cell wall
D	Glucosamine in cell wall

Question 7 Explanation:

Acid fastness is due mainly to the organisms’ high content of mycolic acids, long-chain crosslinked fatty acids, and other cell-wall lipids

Question 8

Which of the following microorganisms display acid fastness ?

A	Nocardia
B	Rhodococcus
C	Legionella micdadei
D	All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following microorganisms display acid fastness ?

A	Isospora
B	M. tuberculosis
C	Cryptosporidium
D	All of the above

Question 9 Explanation:

Microorganisms other than mycobacteria that display some acid fastness include species of Nocardia and Rhodococcus, Legionella micdadei, and the protozoa Isospora and Cryptosporidium.

Question 10

Which of the following is a component of mycobacterial cell wall ?

A	Mycolic acids
B	Arabinogalactan
C	Lipoarabinomannan (LAM)
D	All of the above

Question 10 Explanation:

Molecules in the mycobacterial cell wall include mycolic acid, arabinogalactan, peptidoglycan and lipoarabinomannan.

Question 11

Which of the following facilitates the survival of M. tuberculosis within macrophages ?

A	Mycolic acids
B	Arabinogalactan
C	Lipoarabinomannan
D	All of the above

Question 11 Explanation:

Lipoarabinomannan present in mycobacterial cell wall is involved in the pathogen-host interaction and facilitates the survival of M. tuberculosis within macrophages.

Question 12

Complete genome sequence of M. tuberculosis comprises about ?

A	2000 genes
B	3000 genes
C	4000 genes
D	5000 genes

Question 12 Explanation:

The complete genome sequence of M. tuberculosis comprises 4043 genes encoding 3993 proteins & 50 genes encoding RNAs.

Question 13

Large proportion of the genes in M. tuberculosis genome are devoted to ?

A	Production of liposomal enzymes
B	Production of enzymes involved in cell wall metabolism
C	Glycogenolysis
D	Production of proline-rich proteins

Question 13 Explanation:

A large proportion of genes are devoted to the production of enzymes involved in cell wall metabolism.

Question 14

Mycobacteria bind to which of the following macrophage cellsurface molecules ?

A	Complement receptors
B	Mannose receptor
C	Immunoglobulin GFc receptor
D	All of the above

Question 14 Explanation:

Mycobacteria bind to the following macrophage cell-surface molecules - complement receptors, mannose receptor, immunoglobulin GFc receptor and type A scavenger receptors

Question 15

Phagosome-lysosome fusion is related to ?

A	Mannose receptor
B	Complement activation
C	Ca2+/calmodulin pathway
D	Type A scavenger receptors

Question 15 Explanation:

Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) inhibits intracellular increase of Ca2+ thereby impairing Ca2+/calmodulin pathway which is essential in phagosome-lysosome fusion & eventually arresting phagosome maturation.

Question 16

Which of the following is an essential component of phagolysosome biogenesis ?

A	Phosphatidyl-inositol-1-phosphate [(PI(1)P)]
B	Phosphatidyl-inositol-2-phosphate [(PI(2)P)]
C	Phosphatidyl-inositol-3-phosphate [(PI(3)P)]
D	Phosphatidyl-inositol-4-phosphate [(PI(4)P)]

Question 16 Explanation:

Mycobacterial prevent the accumulation of phosphatidyl-inositol-3-phosphate [(PI(3)P)], an essential component of phago-lysosome biogenesis at the phagosomal membrane. As a result, PI(3)P dependent recruitment of the late endosomal markers Hrs (hepatocyte growth factor regulated tyrosine kinase substrate) and EEA1 (early endosome antigen 1) via PI(3)P is abolished and phsgosomes fail to fuse with lysosomes.

Question 17

Which of the following is a PI(3)P binding protein ?

A	LAMP1
B	EEA1 (early endosome antigen 1)
C	Rab7
D	v-ATPase

Question 17 Explanation:

Mycobacterial phagosomes are characterized by the absence of late endosomal or lysosomal markers like Rab7, v-ATPase, LAMP1, and two PI(3)P binding proteins EEA1 and Hrs. M. tuberculosis phagosome inhibits production of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P). Normally, PI3P earmarks phagosomes for membrane sorting & maturation including phagolysosome formation, which would destroy the bacteria.

Question 18

M. tuberculosis droplet nuclei may be aerosolized by ?

A	Coughing
B	Sneezing
C	Speaking
D	All of the above

Question 18 Explanation:

M. tuberculosis is most commonly transmitted from a patient with infectious pulmonary tuberculosis to other persons by droplet nuclei, which are aerosolized by coughing, sneezing, or speaking.

Question 19

What is the size of the M. tuberculosis infecting droplets ?

A	< 10 μm in diameter
B	< 20 μm in diameter
C	< 30 μm in diameter
D	< 40 μm in diameter

Question 19 Explanation:

Droplet nuclei <10 μm in diameter may remain suspended in air for several hours and may gain direct access to terminal air passages when inhaled.

Question 20

Route of transmission of tubercle bacilli is ?

A	Aerosolized droplet nuclei
B	Skin
C	Placenta
D	All of the above

Question 20 Explanation:

Apart from aerosolized droplet nuclei, other routes of transmission of tubercle bacilli are through the skin or the placenta.

Question 21

Among infected persons, the incidence of tuberculosis is highest in ?

A	Children
B	Late adolescence and early adulthood
C	Middle age
D	Old age

Question 21 Explanation:

Among infected persons, the incidence of tuberculosis is highest during late adolescence and early adulthood. In the age group of 25 to 34 years, rates among women are higher than those among men, while at older ages the opposite is true.

Question 22

Conditions known to increase risk of active tuberculosis among persons infected with tubercle bacilli include ?

A	Silicosis
B	Intravenous drug use
C	Jejunoileal bypass
D	All of the above

Question 23

Conditions known to increase risk of active tuberculosis among persons infected with tubercle bacilli include all except ?

A	Gastrectomy and jejunoileal bypass surgery
B	HIV infection
C	Old, self-healed, fibrotic lesions
D	Mental retardati

Question 23 Explanation:

Several conditions favor the development of active tuberculosis among infected individuals, most important being HIV co-infection.

Question 24

5-year mortality rate among sputum smear positive cases of untreated tuberculosis is ?

A	35 %
B	45 %
C	55 %
D	65 %

Question 24 Explanation:

The 5-year mortality rate among sputum smear positive cases of untreated tuberculosis is 65%.

Question 25

Opsonization refers to ?

A	Rupture of cell wall of bacteria by antibody
B	Nonspecific activation of macro
C	Coating by antibody & complement in preparation for phagocytosis
D	Invasion of macrophages by bacteria

Question 25 Explanation:

Although tissue macrophages & polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are capable of killing microorganisms without help, they function much more efficiently when pathogens are first opsonized (Greek, “to prepare for eating”) by components of complement system such as C3b &/ or by antibodies.

Question 26

Internal environment of macrophage where M. tuberculosis resides and survives is ?

A	Mildly acidic
B	Moderately acidic
C	Severely acidi
D	None of the above

Question 26 Explanation:

M. tuberculosis resides in a compartment of macrophages that does not contain lysosomal markers. Its vacuolar membrane lacks host vacuolar ATPase that is needed for vesicle acidification. Thus, internal environment of the macrophage is never acidified. Lysosomal enzymes are only effective in acidic environments, the enzymes are never activated within macrophage and therefore, M. tuberculosis is able to survive within macrophage.

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See all quizzes of Tuberculosis- Part 1 here:

1 Robert Koch won the Nobel Prize in which year ?
A. 1905
B. 1910
C. 1915
D. 1920

2 M. tuberculosis complex includes all of the following species
except ?
A. M. tuberculosis
B. M. bovis
C. M. africanum
D. M. xenopi

3 Tuberculosis also called “phthisis” which in Greek means ?
A. Wasting away
B. Swollen glands
C. Dark pigmentation of skin
D. Chronic cough
4 MIRUs in genome of M. tuberculosis means ?
A. Mycobacterial interpolated repeat units
B. Mycobacterial interference repeat units
C. Mycobacterial interspersed representative units
D. Mycobacterial interspersed repeat units

5 Which of the following about M. tuberculosis is false ?
A. Rod-shaped
B. Spore-forming
C. Aerobic bacterium
D. Measures about 0.5 μm by 3 μm

6 Acid fastness of M. tuberculosis bacterium is is due to high
content of ?
A. Phenolic acids in cell wall
B. Mycolic acids in cell wall
C. Tyrosine in cell wall
D. Glucosamine in cell wall

7 Which of the following microorganisms display acid fastness ?
A. Nocardia
B. Rhodococcus
C. Legionella micdadei
D. All of the above
8 Which of the following microorganisms display acid fastness ?
A. Isospora
B. M. tuberculosis
C. Cryptosporidium
D. All of the above

9 Which of the following is a component of mycobacterial cell wall
?
A. Mycolic acids
B. Arabinogalactan
C. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM)
D. All of the above

10 Which of the following facilitates the survival of M. tuberculosis
within macrophages ?
A. Mycolic acids
B. Arabinogalactan
C. Lipoarabinomannan
D. All of the above

11 Complete genome sequence of M. tuberculosis comprises
about ?
A. 2000 genes
B. 3000 genes
C. 4000 genes
D. 5000 genes

12 Large proportion of the genes in M. tuberculosis genome are
devoted to ?
A. Production of liposomal enzymes
B. Production of enzymes involved in cell wall metabolism
C. Glycogenolysis
D. Production of proline-rich proteins

13 Mycobacteria bind to which of the following macrophage cellsurface
molecules ?
A. Complement receptors
B. Mannose receptor
C. Immunoglobulin GFc receptor
D. All of the above

14 Phagosome-lysosome fusion is related to ?
A. Mannose receptor
B. Complement activation
C. Ca2+/calmodulin pathway
D. Type A scavenger receptors

15 Which of the following is an essential component of phagolysosome
biogenesis ?
A. Phosphatidyl-inositol-1-phosphate [(PI(1)P)]
B. Phosphatidyl-inositol-2-phosphate [(PI(2)P)]
C. Phosphatidyl-inositol-3-phosphate [(PI(3)P)]
D. Phosphatidyl-inositol-4-phosphate [(PI(4)P)]

16 Which of the following is a PI(3)P binding protein ?
A. LAMP1
B. EEA1 (early endosome antigen 1)
C. Rab7
D. v-ATPase

17 M. tuberculosis droplet nuclei may be aerosolized by ?
A. Coughing
B. Sneezing
C. Speaking
D. All of the above

18 What is the size of the M. tuberculosis infecting droplets ?
Harrison’s 18th Ed. 1342
A. < 10 μm in diameter
B. < 20 μm in diameter
C. < 30 μm in diameter
D. < 40 μm in diameter

19 Route of transmission of tubercle bacilli is ?
A. Aerosolized droplet nuclei
B. Skin
C . Placenta
D. All of the above

20 Among infected persons, the incidence of tuberculosis is highest
in ?
A. Children
B. Late adolescence and early adulthood
C. Middle age
D. Old age

21 Conditions known to increase risk of active tuberculosis among
persons infected with tubercle bacilli include ?
A. Silicosis
B. Intravenous drug use
C. Jejunoileal bypass
D. All of the above
22 Conditions known to increase risk of active tuberculosis among
persons infected with tubercle bacilli include all except ?
A. Gastrectomy and jejunoileal bypass surgery
B. HIV infection
C. Old, self-healed, fibrotic lesions
D. Mental retardation

23 5-year mortality rate among sputum smear positive cases of
untreated tuberculosis is ?
A. 35 %
B. 45 %
C. 55 %
D. 65 %

24 Opsonization refers to ?
A. Rupture of cell wall of bacteria by antibody
B. Nonspecific activation of macrophages
C. Coating by antibody & complement in preparation for phagocytosis
D. Invasion of macrophages by bacteria

25 Internal environment of macrophage where M. tuberculosis
resides and survives is ?
A. Mildly acidic
B. Moderately acidic
C. Severely acidic
D. None of the above

Tuberculosis

[MCQ] Tuberculosis- Part 1

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Tuberculosis- Part 1

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