[MCQ] Dementia-Part 1

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Dementia-Part 1

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Congratulations - you have completed Dementia-Part 1. You scored %%SCORE%% out of %%TOTAL%%. Your performance has been rated as %%RATING%%

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Question 1

Which of the following does not appear in the definition of dementia ?

A	Acquired
B	Deterioration in cognitive abilities
C	Impairment in activities of daily living
D	Comorbid diseases

Question 1 Explanation:

It is defined as an acquired deterioration in cognitive abilities that impairs the successful performance of activities of daily living.The common forms of dementia are progressive.

Question 2

Which of the following is most commonly affected in dementia ?

A	Visuospatial ability
B	Calculation
C	Memory
D	Language

Question 2 Explanation:

Memory is the most common cognitive ability lost with dementia. Other mental faculties like language, visuospatial ability, calculation, judgment and problem solving are also affected. Neuropsychiatric and social deficits may also develop in dementia syndromes resulting in depression, withdrawal, hallucinations, delusions, agitation, insomnia, and disinhibition

Question 3

Behavior and mood are modulated by which of the following pathway ?

A	Noradrenergic pathway
B	Serotonergic pathway
C	Dopaminergic pathway
D	All of the above

Question 3 Explanation:

Behavior and mood are modulated by noradrenergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic pathways, while cholinergic signaling is critical for attention and memory functions.

Question 4

Pathological process in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) begins in ?

A	Entorhinal cortex
B	Hippocampus
C	Posterior temporal neocortex
D	Parietal neocortex

Question 4 Explanation:

AD begins in entorhinal cortex, then involves hippocampus, posterior temporal & parietal neocortex and eventually causes a relatively diffuse degeneration throughout cerebral cortex.

Question 5

Which of the following is the single strongest risk factor for dementia ?

A	Race / ethnicity
B	Geographical location
C	Intoxications
D	Age

Question 5 Explanation:

The single strongest risk factor for dementia is increasing age.

Question 6

Pseudodementia is best related to ?

A	Depression
B	Schizophrenia
C	Conversion reaction
D	HIV

Question 6 Explanation:

Severely depressed or anxious individuals may appear demented, a phenomenon called pseudodementia. Dementia associated with depression (pseudodementia), schizophrenia, and conversion reaction are potentially reversible while that with HIV is not.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a potentially reversible dementia ?

A	Depression
B	Normal-pressure hydrocephalus
C	Dialysis dementia (aluminum)
D	Alcoholism

Question 7 Explanation:

Potentially reversible dementias are depression, hydrocephalus, alcohol dependence, subacute combined degeneration, pellagra, Adrenal insufficiency and Cushing’s syndrome, due to drug, medication, and narcotic poisoning,

Question 8

Which of the following can predict progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) ?

A	Diffuse white matter disease
B	Ventricular system dilatation
C	Hippocampal atrophy
D	Subdural effusion

Question 8 Explanation:

In neuroimaging studies, factors that predict progression from MCI to AD include a memory deficit >1.5 SD from normal, family history of dementia, presence of an apolipoproteine4 (Apoe4) and small hippocampal volumes + posterior-predominant cortical atrophy.

Question 9

Rapid progression of dementia with motor rigidity & myoclonus suggests ?

A	Alzheimer’s disease
B	Frontotemporal dementia
C	Cortical basal degeneration
D	Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Question 9 Explanation:

Rapid progression of dementia in association with diffuse motor rigidity, akinetic-mute state & startle-sensitive myoclonus suggests CJD.

Question 10

Rapid progression of the dementia with motor rigidity & myoclonus suggests which of the following ?

A	Alzheimer’s disease
B	Prion disease
C	Frontotemporal dementia
D	Parkinson’s disease

Question 10 Explanation:

Rapid progression of dementia with motor rigidity & myoclonus suggests a prion disease

Question 11

Unexplained falls is a feature of ?

A	Alzheimer’s disease
B	Frontotemporal dementia
C	Cortical basal degeneration
D	Progressive supranuclear palsy

Question 11 Explanation:

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is associated with unexplained falls, axial rigidity, dysphagia, and vertical gaze deficits.

Question 12

Dementia with peripheral neuropathy suggests ?

A	Vitamin B12 deficiency
B	Thyroid dysfunction
C	Lyme disease
D	All of the above

Question 12 Explanation:

Dementia with a peripheral neuropathy suggests vitamin B12 deficiency, heavy metal intoxication, thyroid dysfunction, Lyme disease, or vasculitis.

Question 13

In Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), scoring is done out of ?

A	20
B	30
C	40
D	50

Question 13 Explanation:

Mini-mental status examination (MMSE) is a brief screening tool to confirm the presence of cognitive impairment & to follow progression of dementia. It is a 30-point test of cognitive function.

Question 14

MMSE contains tests for ?

A	Orientation
B	Working memory
C	Episodic memory
D	All of the above

Question 14 Explanation:

MMSE contains tests of orientation, working memory (spell world backwards), episodic memory (orientation & 3-word recall), language comprehension, naming, and figure copying.

Question 15

MMSE is named after ?

A	Samuels
B	Blumenthal
C	Campbell
D	Folstein

Question 15 Explanation:

Folstein mini-mental status examination (MMSE) is an easy, standardized screening examination of cognitive function esp. working and episodic memory. The test is 85% sensitive and 85% specific for the diagnosis of dementia.

Question 16

Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) provides information regarding ?

A	Orientation
B	Language
C	Visuospatial skills
D	All of the above

Question 16 Explanation:

Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) can provide information regarding orientation, language, and visuospatial skills.

Question 17

Cognitive domain includes which of the following ?

A	Memory
B	Executive function
C	Visuospatial tasks
D	All of the above

Question 17 Explanation:

Cognitive domains include memory, executive function, visuospatial tasks and language

Question 18

Which of the following is best related to visuospatial disorientation ?

A	Optic ataxia
B	Ocular apraxia
C	Simultanagnosia
D	All of the above

Question 18 Explanation:

Bilateral parietal lesions produce Bálint’s syndrome, which is characterized by impaired eye-hand coordination (optic ataxia), difficulty initiating voluntary eye movements (ocular apraxia), and visuospatial disorientation (simultanagnosia).

Question 19

Which of the following is not a major type of memory ?

A	Working
B	Sequential
C	Episodic
D	Remote

Question 19 Explanation:

Memory is divided into three major types - working, episodic, and remote.

Question 20

Working memory lasts for what duration ?

A	< 5 seconds
B	< 10 seconds
C	< 20 seconds
D	< 30 seconds

Question 20 Explanation:

Working memory lasts for <30 seconds.

Question 21

Which of the following types of memory is tested by asking the patient to recall digits backwards ?

A	Working
B	Episodic
C	Remote
D	All of the above

Question 21 Explanation:

Working memory is highly vulnerable to distraction, requiring attention and vigilance for its maintenance. It is tested by asking the patient to recall digits backwards

Question 22

Which of the following is false about “Digit span forward” test ?

A	Test of attention
B	Normal capacity is six numbers
C	Asking patient to repeat digits in same order told
D	None of the above

Question 23

Which of the following is false about “Digit span backward” test ?

A	Test of working memory
B	Normal capacity is five numbers
C	Asking patient to repeat digits in reverse order
D	None of the above

Question 23 Explanation:

Most common bedside test of working memory involves asking patients to repeat a series of digits orally, with the clinician gradually increasing the number of to-be-retained digits. Asking the patient to repeat digits in the same order as they were delivered is called digit span forward which is a test of attention. Clinician may also ask the patient to repeat digits in reverse order. This is called digit span backward which is a test of working memory. Capacity for digit span forward is typically six numbers, while normal adults can generally repeat five digits backward.

Question 24

Which of the following types of memory is tested by asking the patient to recall three words after 3 to 5 minutes?

A	Working
B	Episodic
C	Remote
D	All of the above

Question 24 Explanation:

Episodic memory is tested by asking a patient to recall three words after 3 to 5 minutes.

Question 25

Hippocampal complex is critical for which of the following types of memory ?

A	Working
B	Episodic
C	Remote
D	All of the above

Question 25 Explanation:

Hippocampal complex is critical for episodic memory, and physiologic changes in synapses in this brain region accompany new episodic memories.

Question 26

More permanent stores of words, dates, historic facts or names require which of the following ?

A	Hippocampal complex
B	Left anterior temporal cortex
C	Prefrontal lobe
D	Parietal lobe

Question 26 Explanation:

More permanent stores of words, dates, facts or names require left anterior temporal cortex

Question 27

Most common cognitive deficits that follow seizures, hypoglycemia, hypoxia is ?

A	Working memory deficits
B	Episodic memory deficits
C	Remote memory deficits
D	None of the above

Question 27 Explanation:

Hippocampal complex is vulnerable to metabolic insults such as seizures, hypoglycemia, hypoxia, and neurodegenerative processes, which explains why episodic memory deficits are the most common cognitive deficits that follow these disorders.

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See all quizzes of Dementia at here:

1 Which of the following does not appear in the definition of
dementia ?
A. Acquired
B. Deterioration in cognitive abilities
C. Impairment in activities of daily living
D. Comorbid diseases

2 Which of the following is most commonly affected in dementia ?
A. Visuospatial ability
B. Calculation
C. Memory
D. Language

3 Behavior and mood are modulated by which of the following
pathway ?
A. Noradrenergic pathway
B. Serotonergic pathway
C. Dopaminergic pathway
D. All of the above

4 Pathological process in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) begins in ?
A. Entorhinal cortex
B. Hippocampus
C. Posterior temporal neocortex
D. Parietal neocortex

5 Which of the following is the single strongest risk factor for
dementia ?
A. Race / ethnicity
B. Geographical location
C. Intoxications
D. Age

6 Pseudodementia is best related to ?
A. Depression
B. Schizophrenia
C. Conversion reaction
D. HIV

7 Which of the following is not a potentially reversible dementia ?
A. Depression
B. Normal-pressure hydrocephalus
C. Dialysis dementia (aluminum)
D. Alcoholism

8 Which of the following can predict progression from mild
cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) ?
A. Diffuse white matter disease
B. Ventricular system dilatation
C. Hippocampal atrophy
D. Subdural effusion

9 Rapid progression of dementia with motor rigidity & myoclonus
suggests ?
A. Alzheimer’s disease
B. Frontotemporal dementia
C. Cortical basal degeneration
D. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

10 Rapid progression of the dementia with motor rigidity & myoclonus
suggests which of the following ?
A. Alzheimer’s disease
B. Prion disease
C. Frontotemporal dementia
D. Parkinson’s disease

11 Unexplained falls is a feature of ?
A. Alzheimer’s disease
B. Frontotemporal dementia
C. Cortical basal degeneration
D. Progressive supranuclear palsy

12 Dementia with peripheral neuropathy suggests ?
A. Vitamin B12 deficiency
B. Thyroid dysfunction
C. Lyme disease
D. All of the above

13 In Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), scoring is done out of ?
A. 20
B. 30
C. 40
D. 50

14 MMSE contains tests for ?
A. Orientation
B. Working memory
C. Episodic memory
D. All of the above

15 MMSE is named after ?
A. Samuels
B. Blumenthal
C. Campbell
D. Folstein

16 Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) provides information
regarding ?
A. Orientation
B. Language
C. Visuospatial skills
D. All of the above

17 Cognitive domain includes which of the following ?
A. Memory
B. Executive function
C. Visuospatial tasks
D. All of the above

18 Which of the following is best related to visuospatial disorientation ?
A. Optic ataxia
B. Ocular apraxia
C. Simultanagnosia
D. All of the above

19 Which of the following is not a major type of memory ?
A. Working
B. Sequential
C. Episodic
D. Remote

20 Working memory lasts for what duration ?
A. < 5 seconds
B. < 10 seconds
C. < 20 seconds
D. < 30 seconds

21 Which of the following types of memory is tested by asking the
patient to recall digits backwards ?
A. Working
B. Episodic
C. Remote
D. All of the above

22 Which of the following is false about “Digit span forward” test ?
A. Test of attention
B. Normal capacity is six numbers
C. Asking patient to repeat digits in same order told
D. None of the above
23 Which of the following is false about “Digit span backward” test ?
A. Test of working memory
B. Normal capacity is five numbers
C. Asking patient to repeat digits in reverse order
D. None of the above

24 Which of the following types of memory is tested by asking the
patient to recall three words after 3 to 5 minutes?
A. Working
B. Episodic
C. Remote
D. All of the above

25 Hippocampal complex is critical for which of the following types
of memory ?
A. Working
B. Episodic
C. Remote
D. All of the above

26 More permanent stores of words, dates, historic facts or names
require which of the following ?
A. Hippocampal complex
B. Left anterior temporal cortex
C. Prefrontal lobe
D. Parietal lobe

27 Most common cognitive deficits that follow seizures,
hypoglycemia, hypoxia is ?
A. Working memory deficits
B. Episodic memory deficits
C. Remote memory deficits
D. None of the above

Dementia

[MCQ] Dementia-Part 1

I. Start the exam by click the “Start” button

Dementia-Part 1

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