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Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities- Part 2
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Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities- Part 1| Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities- Part 2
1.Size of pores of normal glomerular endothelial cell is ?
A. ~50 nm
B. ~100 nm
C. ~150 nm
D. ~200 nm
27 Disease that allows “selective” loss of albumin is ?
A. Diabetes
B. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
C. Minimal change disease
D. Hypertension
2 Urinary protein excretion of >3.5 grams/day can occur without the features of nephrotic syndrome in ?
A. Diabetes
B. Amyloidosis
C. Minimal change disease
D. All of the above
3. Urinary protein excretion of >3.5 grams/day can occur without the features of nephrotic syndrome in ?
A. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
B. Membranous glomerulopathy
C. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)
D. All of the above
4. Mechanism of renal failure due to plasma cell dyscrasias is ?
A. Fusion of glomerular epithelial cell foot processes
B. Disruption of basement membrane & slit diaphragms
C. Tubule obstruction (cast nephropathy)
D. All of the above
5. Mechanisms of edema formation in hypoalbuminemia is the activation of ?
A. Renin-angiotensin system
B. Antidiuretic hormone
C. Sympathetic nervous system
D. All of the above
6. In nephrotic syndrome, which of the following protein is lost ?
A. Thyroxine-binding globulin
B. Cholecalciferol-binding protein
C. Transferrin
D. All of the above
7. Hypercoagulable state in nephrotic syndrome is due to urinary loss of ?
A. Antithrombin III
B. Proteins S & C
C. Fibrinogen
D. All of the above
8. Normal red blood cell excretion in urine is ?
A. ~ 2 million RBCs per day
B. ~ 3 million RBCs per day
C. ~ 4 million RBCs per day
D. ~ 5 million RBCs per day
9. Hematuria is defined as how many RBCs per high-power field ?
A. 2 – 5
B. 5 – 8
C. 8 – 12
D. 12 – 15
10. Persistent or significant hematuria means ?
A. > 3 RBCs/HPF on three urinalyses
B. Single urinalysis with >100 RBCs
C. Gross hematuria
D. All of the above
11. Isolated hematuria may be a feature of all except ?
A. Urogenital neoplasms
B. Hypercalciuria
C. Hyperoxaluria
D. Hyperuricosuria
12. Isolated glomerular hematuria can occur in ?
A. IgA nephropathy
B. Hereditary nephritis
C. Thin basement membrane disease
D. All of the above
13. Which of the following urinary feature is diagnostic of glomerulonephritis ?
A. Hematuria with dysmorphic RBCs
B. RBC casts
C. Protein excretion >500 mg/day
D. All of the above
14. In urine, WBC’s &/or WBC casts are seen in ?
A. Interstitial nephritis
B. Systemic lupus erythematosus
C. Transplant rejection
D. All of the above
15. Urinary sediment of ATN has which of the following casts ?
A. Cellular debris
B. RBC cast
C. Waxy cast
D. Broad cast
16. Waxy casts refer to ?
A. Lipid bodies
B. Oval fat bodies
C. Degenerated cellular casts
D. Any of the above
17. Broad casts are diagnostic of ?
A. Pyelonephritis
B. Chronic renal failure
C. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)
D. All of the above
18. Which of the following statements is false ?
A. Oliguria refers to a 24-h urine output of < 400 mL
B. Normal individuals excrete < 150 mg/day of total protein
C. Normal individuals excrete ~ 30 mg/day of albumin
D. Polyuria is defined as urine output of > 3 L/day
Oliguria refers to a 24-hour urine output of < 500 mL.
19. Polyuria is defined as a 24-hour urine output of ?
A. > 2 L/day
B. > 3 L/day
C. > 4 L/day
D. > 5 L/day
20. An average person excretes how much of solutes per day ?
A. 200 – 600 mosmol / day
B. 600 – 800 mosmol / day
C. 800 – 1400 mosmol / day
D. 1400 – 1800 mosmol / day
21. In polyuria (>3 L/day) with dilute urine (<250 mosmol/L), the cause is ?
A. Polydipsia
B. Central diabetes insipidus
C. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
D. Any of the above
22. Which of the following is a poorly reabsorbed solute ?
A. Glucose
B. Mannitol
C. Urea
D. All of the above
23. Which of the following is a “salt-wasting disorder” ?
A. Cystic renal diseases
B. Bartter’s syndrome
C. Resolving ATN
D. All of the above
