Select the one best response to each question!
Which of the following muscles are likely to be organs of proprioception instead of producers of motion?
Because of their small size and lack of mechanical advantage, it has been proposed that the rotatores are likely to be organs of proprioception instead of producers of motion
Which of the following statements is true regarding the suboccipital and deep neck muscles?
The rectus capitis posterior major arises from the spinous processes of C2 and inserts into the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line. The rectus capitis posterior minor arises from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1 and inserts into the medial part of the inferior nuchal line. The obliquus capitis inferior arises from the spinous processes of C2 and inserts into the transverse process of C1. The obliquus capitis superior arises from the transverse process of C1 and inserts into the occipital bone between the nuchal lines. The suboccipital muscles are innervated by the dorsal rami of C1
ALL of the following extend the atlanto-occipital joint EXCEPT
The longus capitis flexes but does not extend the atlanto-occipital joint
The suboccipital triangle is composed of
The suboccipital triangle is the deep triangular area between the rectus capitis posterior major and the superior and inferior oblique muscles. The boundaries and course of the suboccipital triangle include the rectus capitis posterior major, the superior oblique, and the inferior oblique. The floor is formed by the atlanto-occipital membrane and posterior arch of C1. The roof is formed by the semispinalis capitis. The suboccipital triangle contains the vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve
ALL of the following are innervated by dorsal rami EXCEPT
The lesser occipital nerve, which is composed of ventral rami of C2 and C3, innervates the skin of the neck and scalp
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Which of the following statements is correct?
The spinal cord is enlarged in the lumbosacral region for innervation of the lower limbs
Which of the following is NOT true in adults?
The spinal cord is enlarged in two regions for innervation of the limbs. The tapering end of the spinal cord may terminate as high as T12 or as low as L3. The first cervical nerves lack dorsal roots in 50% of people. The coccygeal nerve may be absent. The terminal filum is the vestigial remnant of the caudal part of the spinal cord that was in the tail of the embryo
Which of the following is contained in the extradural (epidural) space?
Fat (loose connective tissue) is contained in the extradural (epidural) space
All of the following are contained in the subarachnoid (leptomeningeal) space EXCEPT
CSF, arachnoid trabeculae, segmental medullary arteries, radicular arteries, and spinal arteries are located in the subarachnoid (leptomeningeal) space. The internal vertebral venous plexus is located in the extradural (epidural) space
Which of the following does NOT give rise to arteries supplying the spinal cord?
The vertebral, ascending cervical, deep cervical, intercostal, lumbar, and lateral sacral arteries give rise to arteries supplying the spinal cord
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Which of the following is true?
There are paired posterior spinal arteries
Which of the following is true?
Veins of the spinal cord are distributed in a similar fashion to that of spinal arteries
All of the following are contained in typical spinal nerves EXCEPT
Typical spinal nerves do not contain parasympathetic fibers
Which of the following is not true regarding the parasympathetic nervous system?
The postsynaptic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system emit acetylcholine
Postsynaptic sympathetic fibers that ultimately innervate the body wall and limbs do which of the following?
Postsynaptic sympathetic fibers that ultimately innervate the body wall and limbs pass from the sympathetic trunks to adjacent ventral rami through gray rami communicantes
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| Which of the following muscles does NOT laterally bend the cervical intervertebral joints? (A) longus colli (B) iliocostalis cervicis (C) longissimus capitis and cervicis (D) splenius capitis (E) splenius cervicis |
| Which of the following muscles are likely to be organs of proprioception instead of producers of motion? (A) iliocostalis (B) spinalis (C) rotatores (D) splenius capitis (E) longissimus |
| Which of the following statements is true regarding the suboccipital and deep neck muscles? (A) The rectus capitis posterior major arises from the spinous process of C2 and inserts into the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line. (B) The obliquus capitis inferior arises from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1 and inserts into the medial part of the inferior nuchal line. (C) The obliquus capitis superior arises from the spinous process of C2 and inserts into the transverse process of C1. (D) The rectus capitis posterior minor arises from the transverse process of C1 and inserts into the occipital bone between the nuchal lines. (E) The suboccipital muscles are innervated by the ventral rami of C1. |
| ALL of the following extend the atlanto-occipital joint EXCEPT (A) rectus capitis posterior major and minor (B) semispinalis capitis (C) longus capitis (D) splenius capitis (E) longissimus capitis |
| The suboccipital triangle is composed of (A) a superolateral and superomedial border (the superior oblique and rectus capitis posterior major) (B) an inferolateral border (semispinalis capitis) (C) a floor (C2) (D) a roof (trapezius) (E) greater and lesser occipital nerves |
| ALL of the following are innervated by dorsal rami EXCEPT (A) muscles of the suboccipital triangle (B) skin over the neck and occipital bone (innervated by greater occipital nerve) (C) intrinsic muscles of the back (D) skin of the neck and scalp (innervated by lesser occipital nerve) (E) skin of the central part of the back |
| Which of the following statements is correct? (A) The spinal cord is enlarged in the thoracic region for innervation of the upper limbs. (B) The spinal cord is enlarged in the lumbosacral region for innervation of the lower limbs. (C) In embryos, the spinal cord occupies only the superior two-thirds of the vertebral canal. (D) In adults, the spinal cord occupies the full length of the vertebral canal. (E) The cauda equina is composed of ventral but not dorsal roots. |
| Which of the following is NOT true in adults? (A) The tapering end of the spinal cord may terminate as high as T12 or as low as L3. (B) The first cervical nerves lack dorsal roots in 50% of people. (C) The coccygeal nerve may be absent. (D) The terminal filum is the vestigial remnant of the caudal part of the spinal cord that was in the tail of the embryo. (E) The spinal cord has a lumbar enlargement for the lower limb but no equivalent enlargement for the smaller upper limb. |
| Which of the following is contained in the extradural (epidural) space? (A) fat (loose connective tissue) (B) external vertebral venous plexus (C) CSF (D) denticulate ligaments (E) radicular, medullary, and spinal arteries |
| All of the following are contained in the subarachnoid (leptomeningeal) space EXCEPT (A) CSF (B) arachnoid trabeculae (C) segmental medullary arteries (D) spinal arteries (E) internal vertebral plexus |
| Which of the following does NOT give rise to arteries supplying the spinal cord? (A) ascending cervical artery (B) deep cervical artery (C) intercostal arteries (D) lumbar arteries (E) thoracoacromial artery |
| Which of the following is true? (A) There are paired anterior spinal arteries. (B) There are paired posterior spinal arteries. (C) The sulcal (central) arteries are formed by the union of branches of the vertebral arteries. (D) Each anterior spinal artery is a branch of either the posteroinferior cerebellar artery or the vertebral artery. (E) There is usually one anterior and one posterior spinal vein |
| Which of the following is true? (A) There are usually two anterior and two posterior spinal veins. (B) Veins of the spinal cord are distributed in a similar fashion to that of spinal arteries. (C) Spinal veins are unique in that they do not communicate with each other. (D) Spinal veins are arranged laterally. (E) Spinal veins are drained by sulcal and meningeal vein. |
| All of the following are contained in typical spinal nerves EXCEPT (A) sensory fibers from tendons and joints (B) motor fibers to muscles (C) parasympathetic fibers to glands(D) sensory fibers from blood vessels and glands (E) motor fibers to smooth muscle |
| Which of the following is not true regarding the parasympathetic nervous system? (A) The cell body of the presynaptic neuron is located in the gray matter of the CNS. (B) The cell body of the postsynaptic neuron is located in an autonomic ganglion outside the CNS. (C) The postsynaptic neuron emits norepinephrine. (D) Its neurons are craniosacral in origin. (E) It promotes quiet and orderly processes of the body. |
| Postsynaptic sympathetic fibers that ultimately innervate the body wall and limbs do which of the following? (A) pass from the sympathetic trunks to adjacent ventral rami through gray rami communicantes (B) pass from the sympathetic trunks to adjacent ventral rami through white rami communicantes (C) pass from the sympathetic trunks to adjacent dorsal rami through gray rami communicantes (D) pass from the sympathetic trunks to adjacent dorsal rami through white rami communicantes (E) pass from the sympathetic trunks to splanchnic nerves |
