The quizzes about Renal Function (32 questions)

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Select the one best response to each question!

The type of nephron responsible for renal concentration is the:

Cortical

Juxtaglomerular

Correct! Wrong!

The function of the peritubular capillaries is:

Reabsorption

Filtration

Secretion

Both A and C

Correct! Wrong!

Blood flows through the nephron in the following order:

Efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta, afferent arteriole

Peritubular capillaries, afferent arteriole, vasa recta, efferent arteriole

Afferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta, efferent arteriole

Efferent arteriole, vasa recta, peritubular capillaries, afferent arteriole

Correct! Wrong!

Filtration of protein is prevented in the glomerulus by:

Hydrostatic pressure

Oncotic pressure

Renin

Capillary pores

Correct! Wrong!

Renin is secreted by the nephron in response to:

Low systemic blood pressure

High systemic blood pressure

Oncotic capillary pressure

Increased water retention

Correct! Wrong!

The primary chemical affected by the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system is:

Chloride

Sodium

Potassium

Hydrogen

Correct! Wrong!

Secretion of renin is stimulated by:

Juxtaglomerular cells

Angiotensin I and II

Macula densa cells

Circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme

Correct! Wrong!

The hormone aldosterone is responsible for:

Hydrogen ion secretion

Potassium secretion

Chloride retention

Sodium retention

Correct! Wrong!

The fluid leaving the glomerulus has a specific gravity of:

1.005

1.010

1.015

1.020

Correct! Wrong!

All of the following are reabsorbed by active transport in the tubules except:

Urea

Glucose

Sodium

Chloride

Correct! Wrong!

Which of the tubules is impermeable to water?

Proximal convoluted tubule

Descending loop of Henle

Ascending loop of Henle

Distal convoluted tubule

Correct! Wrong!

Glucose will appear in the urine when the:

Blood level of glucose is 200 mg/dL

Tm for glucose is reached

Renal threshold for glucose is exceeded

All of the above

Correct! Wrong!

The countercurrent mechanism takes place in the:

Juxtaglomerular nephrons

Proximal convoluted tubule

Cortical nephrons

Both A and C

Correct! Wrong!

ADH regulates the final urine concentration by controlling:

Active reabsorption of sodium

Tubular permeability

Passive reabsorption of urea

Passive reabsorption of chloride

Correct! Wrong!

When the body is dehydrated:

ADH production is decreased

ADH production is increased

Urine volume is increased

Both A and C

Correct! Wrong!

Bicarbonate ions filtered by the glomerulus are returned to the blood:

In the proximal convoluted tubule

Combined with hydrogen ions

By tubular secretion

All of the above

Correct! Wrong!

If ammonia is not produced by the distal convoluted tubule, the urine pH will be:

Acidic

Basic

Correct! Wrong!

The largest source of error in creatinine clearance tests is:

Secretion of creatinine

Improperly timed urine specimens

Refrigeration of the urine

Time of collecting blood sample

Correct! Wrong!

Given the following information, calculate the creatinine clearance: 24-hour urine volume: 1000 mL; serum creatinine: 2.0 mg/dL; urine creatinine: 200 mg/dL

Correct! Wrong!

Values for creatinine clearance tests on children are corrected for:

Body size

Urine volume

Activity level

Diet

Correct! Wrong!

Given the data serum creatinine: 1.1 mg/dL; age: 50 years, and weight: 72 kg, the estimated creatinine clearance using the Cockcroft-Gault formula is:

127

Correct! Wrong!

Variables that may be included in estimated creatinine clearance calculations include all of the following except:

Serum creatinine

Urine creatinine

Age

Blood urea nitrogen

Correct! Wrong!

An advantage to using cystatin C to monitor GFR is:

It does not require urine collection

It is not secreted by the tubules

It can be measured by immunoassay

All of the above

Correct! Wrong!

Solute dissolved in solvent will:

Decrease vapor pressure

Lower the boiling point

Decrease the osmotic pressure

Lower the specific gravity

Correct! Wrong!

Substances that may interfere with measurement of urine and serum osmolarity include all of the following except:

Ethanol

Lactic acid

Sodium

Lipids

Correct! Wrong!

The normal serum osmolarity is:

50–100 mOsm

275–300 mOsm

400–500 mOsm

3 times the urine osmolarity

Correct! Wrong!

After controlled fluid intake, the urine-to-serum osmolarity ratio should be at least:

1:1

2:1

3:1

4:1

Correct! Wrong!

Calculate the free water clearance from the following results: urine volume in 6 hours: 720 mL; urine osmolarity: 225 mOsm; plasma osmolarity: 300 mOsm

+ 0.2

+ 0.5

+ 0.8

+ 1

Correct! Wrong!

To provide an accurate measure of renal blood flow, a test substance should be completely:

Filtered by the glomerulus

Reabsorbed by the tubules

Secreted when it reaches the distal convoluted tubule

Cleared on each contact with functional renal tissue

Correct! Wrong!

Given the following data, calculate the effective renal plasma flow: urine volume in 2 hours: 240 mL; urine PAH: 150 mg/dL; plasma PAH: 0.5 mg/dL

300

500

600

800

Correct! Wrong!

Renal tubular acidosis can be caused by the:

Production of excessively acidic urine due to increased filtration of hydrogen ions

Production of excessively acidic urine due to increased secretion of hydrogen ions

Inability to produce an acidic urine due to impaired production of ammonia

Inability to produce an acidic urine due to increased production of ammonia

Correct! Wrong!

Tests performed to detect renal tubular acidosis after administering an ammonium chloride load include all of the following except:

Urine ammonia

Arterial pH

Urine pH

Titratable acicity

Correct! Wrong!

The quizzes about Renal Function (32 questions)

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1. The type of nephron responsible for renal concentration is the:
A. Cortical
B. Juxtaglomerular

2. The function of the peritubular capillaries is:
A. Reabsorption
B. Filtration
C. Secretion
D. Both A and C

3. Blood flows through the nephron in the following order:
A. Efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta, afferent arteriole
B. Peritubular capillaries, afferent arteriole, vasa recta, efferent arteriole
C. Afferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta, efferent arteriole
D. Efferent arteriole, vasa recta, peritubular capillaries, afferent arteriole

4. Filtration of protein is prevented in the glomerulus by:
A. Hydrostatic pressure
B. Oncotic pressure
C. Renin
D. Capillary pores

5. Renin is secreted by the nephron in response to:
A. Low systemic blood pressure
B. High systemic blood pressure
C. Oncotic capillary pressure
D. Increased water retention

6. The primary chemical affected by the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system is:
A. Chloride
B. Sodium
C. Potassium
D. Hydrogen

7. Secretion of renin is stimulated by:
A. Juxtaglomerular cells
B. Angiotensin I and II
C. Macula densa cells
D. Circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme

8. The hormone aldosterone is responsible for:
A. Hydrogen ion secretion
B. Potassium secretion
C. Chloride retention
D. Sodium retention

9. The fluid leaving the glomerulus has a specific gravity of:
A. 1.005
B. 1.010
C. 1.015
D. 1.020

10. All of the following are reabsorbed by active transport in the tubules except:
A. Urea
B. Glucose
C. Sodium
D. Chloride

11. Which of the tubules is impermeable to water?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Descending loop of Henle
C. Ascending loop of Henle
D. Distal convoluted tubule

12. Glucose will appear in the urine when the:
A. Blood level of glucose is 200 mg/dL
B. Tm for glucose is reached
C. Renal threshold for glucose is exceeded
D. All of the above

13. The countercurrent mechanism takes place in the:
A. Juxtaglomerular nephrons
B. Proximal convoluted tubule
C. Cortical nephrons
D. Both A and C

14. ADH regulates the final urine concentration by controlling:
A. Active reabsorption of sodium
B. Tubular permeability
C. Passive reabsorption of urea
D. Passive reabsorption of chloride

15. When the body is dehydrated:
A. ADH production is decreased
B. ADH production is increased
C. Urine volume is increased
D. Both A and C

16. Bicarbonate ions filtered by the glomerulus are returned to the blood:
A. In the proximal convoluted tubule
B. Combined with hydrogen ions
C. By tubular secretion
D. All of the above

17. If ammonia is not produced by the distal convoluted tubule, the urine pH will be:
A. Acidic
B. Basic

18. Place the appropriate letter in front of the following clearance substances:
A. Exogenous
B. Endogenous
____ inulin
____ creatinine
____ cystatin C
____
125I-iothalmate

19. The largest source of error in creatinine clearance tests is:
A. Secretion of creatinine
B. Improperly timed urine specimens
C. Refrigeration of the urine
D. Time of collecting blood sample

20. Given the following information, calculate the creatinine clearance: 24-hour urine volume: 1000 mL; serum creatinine: 2.0 mg/dL; urine creatinine: 200 mg/dL

21. Values for creatinine clearance tests on children are corrected for:
A. Body size
B. Urine volume
C. Activity level
D. Diet

22. Given the data serum creatinine: 1.1 mg/dL; age: 50 years, and weight: 72 kg, the estimated creatinine clearance using the Cockcroft-Gault formula is:
A. 46
B. 62
C. 82
D. 127

23. Variables that may be included in estimated creatinine clearance calculations include all of the following except:
A. Serum creatinine
B. Urine creatinine
C. Age
D. Blood urea nitrogen

24. An advantage to using cystatin C to monitor GFR is:
A. It does not require urine collection
B. It is not secreted by the tubules
C. It can be measured by immunoassay
D. All of the above

25. Solute dissolved in solvent will:
A. Decrease vapor pressure
B. Lower the boiling point
C. Decrease the osmotic pressure
D. Lower the specific gravity

26. Substances that may interfere with measurement of urine and serum osmolarity include all of the following except:
A. Ethanol
B. Lactic acid
C. Sodium
D. Lipids

27. The normal serum osmolarity is:
A. 50–100 mOsm
B. 275–300 mOsm
C. 400–500 mOsm
D. 3 times the urine osmolarity

28. After controlled fluid intake, the urine-to-serum osmolarity ratio should be at least:
A. 1:1
B. 2:1
C. 3:1
D. 4:1

29. Calculate the free water clearance from the following results: urine volume in 6 hours: 720 mL; urine osmolarity: 225 mOsm; plasma osmolarity: 300 mOsm

30. To provide an accurate measure of renal blood flow, a test substance should be completely:
A. Filtered by the glomerulus
B. Reabsorbed by the tubules
C. Secreted when it reaches the distal convoluted tubule
D. Cleared on each contact with functional renal tissue

31. Given the following data, calculate the effective renal plasma flow: urine volume in 2 hours: 240 mL; urine PAH: 150 mg/dL; plasma PAH: 0.5 mg/dL

32. Renal tubular acidosis can be caused by the:
A. Production of excessively acidic urine due to increased filtration of hydrogen ions
B. Production of excessively acidic urine due to increased secretion of hydrogen ions
C. Inability to produce an acidic urine due to impaired production of ammonia
D. Inability to produce an acidic urine due to increased production of ammonia

33. Tests performed to detect renal tubular acidosis after administering an ammonium chloride load include all of the following except:
A. Urine ammonia
B. Arterial pH
C. Urine pH
D. Titratable acicity

The quizzes about Renal Function (32 questions)

Select the one best response to each question!

The type of nephron responsible for renal concentration is the:

The function of the peritubular capillaries is:

Blood flows through the nephron in the following order:

Filtration of protein is prevented in the glomerulus by:

Renin is secreted by the nephron in response to:

The primary chemical affected by the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system is:

Secretion of renin is stimulated by:

The hormone aldosterone is responsible for:

The fluid leaving the glomerulus has a specific gravity of:

All of the following are reabsorbed by active transport in the tubules except:

Which of the tubules is impermeable to water?

Glucose will appear in the urine when the:

The countercurrent mechanism takes place in the:

ADH regulates the final urine concentration by controlling:

When the body is dehydrated:

Bicarbonate ions filtered by the glomerulus are returned to the blood:

If ammonia is not produced by the distal convoluted tubule, the urine pH will be:

The largest source of error in creatinine clearance tests is:

Given the following information, calculate the creatinine clearance: 24-hour urine volume: 1000 mL; serum creatinine: 2.0 mg/dL; urine creatinine: 200 mg/dL

Values for creatinine clearance tests on children are corrected for:

Given the data serum creatinine: 1.1 mg/dL; age: 50 years, and weight: 72 kg, the estimated creatinine clearance using the Cockcroft-Gault formula is:

Variables that may be included in estimated creatinine clearance calculations include all of the following except:

An advantage to using cystatin C to monitor GFR is:

Solute dissolved in solvent will:

Substances that may interfere with measurement of urine and serum osmolarity include all of the following except:

The normal serum osmolarity is:

After controlled fluid intake, the urine-to-serum osmolarity ratio should be at least:

Calculate the free water clearance from the following results: urine volume in 6 hours: 720 mL; urine osmolarity: 225 mOsm; plasma osmolarity: 300 mOsm

To provide an accurate measure of renal blood flow, a test substance should be completely:

Given the following data, calculate the effective renal plasma flow: urine volume in 2 hours: 240 mL; urine PAH: 150 mg/dL; plasma PAH: 0.5 mg/dL

Renal tubular acidosis can be caused by the:

Tests performed to detect renal tubular acidosis after administering an ammonium chloride load include all of the following except:

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Select the one best response to each question!

The type of nephron responsible for renal concentration is the:

The function of the peritubular capillaries is:

Blood flows through the nephron in the following order:

Filtration of protein is prevented in the glomerulus by:

Renin is secreted by the nephron in response to:

The primary chemical affected by the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system is:

Secretion of renin is stimulated by:

The hormone aldosterone is responsible for:

The fluid leaving the glomerulus has a specific gravity of:

All of the following are reabsorbed by active transport in the tubules except:

Which of the tubules is impermeable to water?

Glucose will appear in the urine when the:

The countercurrent mechanism takes place in the:

ADH regulates the final urine concentration by controlling:

When the body is dehydrated:

Bicarbonate ions filtered by the glomerulus are returned to the blood:

If ammonia is not produced by the distal convoluted tubule, the urine pH will be:

The largest source of error in creatinine clearance tests is:

Given the following information, calculate the creatinine clearance: 24-hour urine volume: 1000 mL; serum creatinine: 2.0 mg/dL; urine creatinine: 200 mg/dL

Values for creatinine clearance tests on children are corrected for:

Given the data serum creatinine: 1.1 mg/dL; age: 50 years, and weight: 72 kg, the estimated creatinine clearance using the Cockcroft-Gault formula is:

Variables that may be included in estimated creatinine clearance calculations include all of the following except:

An advantage to using cystatin C to monitor GFR is:

Solute dissolved in solvent will:

Substances that may interfere with measurement of urine and serum osmolarity include all of the following except:

The normal serum osmolarity is:

After controlled fluid intake, the urine-to-serum osmolarity ratio should be at least:

Calculate the free water clearance from the following results: urine volume in 6 hours: 720 mL; urine osmolarity: 225 mOsm; plasma osmolarity: 300 mOsm

To provide an accurate measure of renal blood flow, a test substance should be completely:

Given the following data, calculate the effective renal plasma flow: urine volume in 2 hours: 240 mL; urine PAH: 150 mg/dL; plasma PAH: 0.5 mg/dL

Renal tubular acidosis can be caused by the:

Tests performed to detect renal tubular acidosis after administering an ammonium chloride load include all of the following except:

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