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1. The smallest organized unit of living tissue is the
A. nucleus
B. cell
C. organelle
D. cytoplasm
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2. The cell membrane’s major components are
A. carbohydrates and proteins
B. proteins and lipids
C. lipids and glycoproteins
D. polysaccharides and lipids
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3. Which of the following is a characteristic of osmosis?
A. Requires energy (ATP)
B. Movement of water molecules
C. An unusual cellular activity
D. Requires a carrier molecule
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4. Which of the following is a characteristic of active transport?
A. Requires energy (ATP)
B. Movement of molecules up the concentration gradient
C. Requires a carrier molecule
D. All of the above
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5. Phagocytosis is
A. a type of endocytosis
B. the engulfment of fluid molecules
C. the engulfment of particulate matter
D. Both A and C
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14. Glycogen is a
A. protein
B. lipid
C. carbohydrate
D. hormone
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15. A cellular inclusion that represents a common storage form of iron is
A. glycogen
B. vacuoles
C. Auer body
D. ferritin
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16. The nucleus of the cell contains
A. chromatin, nucleoli, and nucleoplasm
B. chromatin, nucleoli, and ribosomes
C. DNA, RNA, and ribosomes
D. DNA, RNA, and mitochondria
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17. The overall function of DNA is
A. protein and enzyme production
B. control of cellular function and transmission of genetic information
C. control of heterochromatin and euchromatin synthesis
D. production of cellular energy and transmission of genetic information
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18. Heterochromatin is
A. genetically inactive
B. found in patches or clumps
C. genetically inactive and pale staining
D. Both A and B
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19. Chromosomal translocation is
A. a frequent activity of homologous chromosomes in meiosis
B. a rearrangement of genetic material
C. the process in which a segment of one chromosome breaks away from its normal location
D. All of the above
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20. A chromosomal deletion is
A. loss of a pair of chromosomes
B. loss of a segment of chromosome
C. attachment of a piece of a chromosome
D. an exchange of genetic material
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30. In meiosis, the cells produced contain
A. a 2n number of chromosomes
B. 22 pairs of chromosomes
C. 23 pairs of chromosomes
D. 23 chromosomes
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31. Hematologists are interested in inherited disorders. Which of the following are inherited disorders?
A. Sickle cell trait
B. Sickle cell anemia
C. Hemophilia
D. All of the above
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32. Molecular techniques are being used to detect abnormalities of
A. erythrocytes
B. leukocytes
C. some coagulation factors
D. All of the above
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33. The first inherited hematologic disorder to be diagnosed using molecular biologic assay was
A. hemophilia A
B. factor V Leiden
C. sickle cell anemia
D. CML
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34. PCR testing is useful in
A. forensic testing
B. genetic testing
C. disease diagnosis
D. All of the above
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35. The traditional PCR technique
A. extends the length of the genomic DNA
B. alters the original DNA nucleotide sequence
C. amplifi es low levels of specifi c DNA sequences
D. amplifi es the target region of RNA
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36. PCR protocol
A. doubles the specifi c amount of DNA with each cycle
B. typically has three temperature steps
C. repeats the number of cycles about 30
D. all of the above
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37. Variations of PCR include
A. nested primers
B. real-time PCR
C. microarray analysis
D. both A and B
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38. The method considered to be the “gold standard” of molecular methods is
A. DNA sequencing
B. Southern blot
C. Northern blot
D. Dot blot
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39. The Southern blot procedure has diagnostic applications for diseases or disorders associated with
A. signifi cant changes in DNA (e.g., deletion)
B. determination of clonality in lymphomas of T- or B-cell origin
C. detection of restriction fragment length polymorphisms
D. all of the above
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40. The Northern blot procedure can be used
A. to mass-produce erythropoietin
B. for analysis of the proximal product of gene expression
C. for antenatal genetic counseling
D. all of the above
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41. All of the following are true of FISH except _____
A. The acronym stands for fl uorescent in situ hybridization.
B. It is a tissue-based molecular diagnostic assay.
C. It is a prenatal diagnosis of a genetic disorder.
D. It is useful in the diagnosis of various anemias.
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42. Microarrays are
A. DNA probes bonded on glass chips
B. tissue-based probes
C. used to identify single-base mutations
D. used to determine clonality in lymphomas
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43. Molecular techniques provide a diagnostic tool to
A. detect MRD in hematological malignancies
B. monitor patients following bone marrow transplantation
C. detect an early relapse in a patient treated for a hematological malignancy
D. all of the above
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