Molecular Genetics and Cellular Morphology Quizzes

1. The smallest organized unit of living tissue is the
A. nucleus
B. cell
C. organelle
D. cytoplasm

2. The cell membrane’s major components are
A. carbohydrates and proteins
B. proteins and lipids
C. lipids and glycoproteins
D. polysaccharides and lipids

3. Which of the following is a characteristic of osmosis?
A. Requires energy (ATP)
B. Movement of water molecules
C. An unusual cellular activity
D. Requires a carrier molecule

4. Which of the following is a characteristic of active transport?
A. Requires energy (ATP)
B. Movement of molecules up the concentration gradient
C. Requires a carrier molecule
D. All of the above

5. Phagocytosis is
A. a type of endocytosis
B. the engulfment of fluid molecules
C. the engulfment of particulate matter
D. Both A and C

14. Glycogen is a
A. protein
B. lipid
C. carbohydrate
D. hormone

15. A cellular inclusion that represents a common storage form of iron is
A. glycogen
B. vacuoles
C. Auer body
D. ferritin

16. The nucleus of the cell contains
A. chromatin, nucleoli, and nucleoplasm
B. chromatin, nucleoli, and ribosomes
C. DNA, RNA, and ribosomes
D. DNA, RNA, and mitochondria

17. The overall function of DNA is
A. protein and enzyme production
B. control of cellular function and transmission of genetic information
C. control of heterochromatin and euchromatin synthesis
D. production of cellular energy and transmission of genetic information

18. Heterochromatin is
A. genetically inactive
B. found in patches or clumps
C. genetically inactive and pale staining
D. Both A and B

19. Chromosomal translocation is
A. a frequent activity of homologous chromosomes in meiosis
B. a rearrangement of genetic material
C. the process in which a segment of one chromosome breaks away from its normal location
D. All of the above

20. A chromosomal deletion is
A. loss of a pair of chromosomes
B. loss of a segment of chromosome
C. attachment of a piece of a chromosome
D. an exchange of genetic material

30. In meiosis, the cells produced contain
A. a 2n number of chromosomes
B. 22 pairs of chromosomes
C. 23 pairs of chromosomes
D. 23 chromosomes

31. Hematologists are interested in inherited disorders. Which of the following are inherited disorders?
A. Sickle cell trait
B. Sickle cell anemia
C. Hemophilia
D. All of the above

32. Molecular techniques are being used to detect abnormalities of
A. erythrocytes
B. leukocytes
C. some coagulation factors
D. All of the above

33. The first inherited hematologic disorder to be diagnosed using molecular biologic assay was
A. hemophilia A
B. factor V Leiden
C. sickle cell anemia
D. CML

34. PCR testing is useful in
A. forensic testing
B. genetic testing
C. disease diagnosis
D. All of the above

35. The traditional PCR technique
A. extends the length of the genomic DNA
B. alters the original DNA nucleotide sequence
C. amplifi es low levels of specifi c DNA sequences
D. amplifi es the target region of RNA

36. PCR protocol
A. doubles the specifi c amount of DNA with each cycle

B. typically has three temperature steps
C. repeats the number of cycles about 30
D. all of the above

37. Variations of PCR include
A. nested primers
B. real-time PCR
C. microarray analysis
D. both A and B

38. The method considered to be the “gold standard” of molecular methods is
A. DNA sequencing
B. Southern blot
C. Northern blot
D. Dot blot

39. The Southern blot procedure has diagnostic applications for diseases or disorders associated with
A. signifi cant changes in DNA (e.g., deletion)
B. determination of clonality in lymphomas of T- or B-cell origin
C. detection of restriction fragment length polymorphisms
D. all of the above

40. The Northern blot procedure can be used
A. to mass-produce erythropoietin
B. for analysis of the proximal product of gene expression
C. for antenatal genetic counseling
D. all of the above

41. All of the following are true of FISH except _____
A. The acronym stands for fl uorescent in situ hybridization.
B. It is a tissue-based molecular diagnostic assay.
C. It is a prenatal diagnosis of a genetic disorder.
D. It is useful in the diagnosis of various anemias.

42. Microarrays are
A. DNA probes bonded on glass chips
B. tissue-based probes
C. used to identify single-base mutations
D. used to determine clonality in lymphomas

43. Molecular techniques provide a diagnostic tool to
A. detect MRD in hematological malignancies
B. monitor patients following bone marrow transplantation
C. detect an early relapse in a patient treated for a hematological malignancy
D. all of the above