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Acute Complaints-5
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1.You are evaluating a 25-year-old woman who reports frequent UTIs since getting married last In the last 12 months, she has had 5 docu- mented infections that have responded well to antibiotic therapy. She has tried voiding after intercourse, she discontinued her use of a diaphragm, and tried acidification of her urine using oral ascorbic acid, but none of those measures decreased the incidence of infections. At this point, which of the following would be an acceptable prophylactic measure?
- An antibiotic prescription for the usual 3-day regimen with refills, to be used when symptoms occur
- Single dose antibiotic therapy once daily at bedtime for 12 months
- Single dose antibiotic therapy once daily at bedtime for 2 years
- Single dose antibiotic therapy after sexual intercourse
- Antibiotics for 3 days after sexual intercourse
2. A 36-year-old woman comes to your office complaining of recurrent This is her fourth episode in the past 10 months. Initially, her symptoms were “classic” for a UTI. She was treated without obtaining urine dipstick or microscopic evaluation. For the second episode, her urinalysis was positive for blood only. Her culture was negative, as was evaluation for nephrolithiasis. The third episode was similar, also with a negative culture. All episodes have resolved with a standard course of antibiotic therapy. What should you do at this time?
- Evaluate for somatization disorder
- Order cystoscopy
- Treat for chronic vaginitis
- Use a 14-day regimen of antibiotics
- Use daily single dose antibiotic therapy for prophylaxis
3. A screening urinalysis in a female patient reveals asymptomatic bac- In which of the following patients would treatment be indicated?
- A sexually active teenager
- A pregnant 26-year-old
- A 45-year-old with uncontrolled hypertension
- A menopausal woman
- An otherwise healthy 80-year-old woman
4. You are seeing a 34-year-old man with urinary He reports frequency, urgency, and moderate back pain. He is febrile and acutely ill. He has no penile discharge. His urinalysis shows marked pyuria. He has never had an episode like this before, and has no known urinary tract abnormalities. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- Gonococcal urethritis
- Nongonococcal urethritis
- Acute bacterial cystitis
- Pyelonephritis
- Acute prostatitis
5. You are seeing a child with a chief complaint of ear Which of the following would be considered a risk factor for acute otitis media?
- Age between 6 months and 7 years
- Caucasian race
- History of a heart murmur
- Parents with seasonal allergies
- Child cared for by a babysitter at home while the parents are at work
6. A 26-year-old man presents to his physician with a complaint of left ear pain and associated hearing loss on that Which of the following is least likely to be a cause?
- Acute otitis media
- Eustacean tube dysfunction
- Barotrauma
- Severe otitis externa
- Temporomandibular joint syndrome
7. You are seeing a 25-year-old patient complaining of a left sided ear- She describes the pain as deep, and worse with eating. Her ear exam- ination is normal, but she has tenderness and crepitus during palpation of the left temporomandibular joint. Which of the following would be the most appropriate next step?
- Antibiotic therapy
- Treatment with NSAIDs
- Dental referral
- MRI of the temporomandibular joint
- Obtaining an erythrocyte sedimentation rate
8. The mother of a 9-month-old infant brings him in for The child has been fussy and has not been sleeping well for 2 days. His highest temperature has been 100°F, and he has had a clear runny nose and a cough. On examination, the child is crying and irritable. Which physical examination finding, by itself, is least likely to be helpful in diagnosing acute otitis media?
- An opaque tympanic membrane
- A bulging tympanic membrane
- Impaired tympanic membrane mobility
- An erythematous tympanic membrane
- Purulent discharge in the ear canal
9. You are seeing a 4-year-old male 2 weeks after being diagnosed with left acute otitis He completed his therapy, is afebrile, acting well, and apparently back to normal. On examination, he has a persistent effu- sion in the left ear. There is no erythema, purulence or hearing loss. Of the following, which is the most appropriate next step?
- Reassurance and reevaluation in 2–4 weeks
- A 10-day course of a second-line antibiotic
- Regular use of a decongestant and reevaluation in 2 weeks
- Regular use of an antihistamine and reevaluation in 2 weeks
- Referral to an otolaryngologist
10. You are seeing a 2-year-old with recurrent ear His three older siblings also had frequent ear infections. He is in daycare 4 days a week, and he has not had immunizations since 4 months of age. He con- tinues to use a pacifier. Based on his history, which of the following is his most significant risk factor for otitis media?
- Family history of otitis media
- Daycare
- The number of siblings in the household
- Inadequate vaccination
- Pacifier use
11. You are seeing a 35-year-old woman who complains of ear She has a history of bruxism and dental malocclusion, and has had no response to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory treatment. What would be the next step in treating for her problem?
- Penicillin
- Azithromycin
- Corticosteroids
- Referral for a bite guard
- Physical therapy
12. You are seeing a 6-year-old patient whose mother brought him in for ear pain and On examination, he is febrile, and his right tympanic membrane is shown below:
Which of the following would be the best initial treatment?
- A weight adjusted dose of Tylenol
- A weight adjusted course of amoxicillin
- A weight adjusted one-time dose of azithromycin
- A weight adjusted 3-day course of azithromycin
- A weight adjusted 5-day course of azithromycin
13. You are talking with a mother of three young children, ages 2 months, 3 years, and 5 The 3- and 5-year-olds have a history of recurrent acute otitis media, and both of them have required tympanostomy tubes. She asks about pneumococcal vaccination to help prevent ear infections in her infant. Which of the following is true regarding the effect of vaccination on the cases of acute otitis media?
- The vaccination is associated with about a 10% reduction in cases of recurrent acute otitis media
- The vaccination is associated with about a 20% reduction in cases of recurrent acute otitis media
- The vaccination is associated with about a 30% reduction in cases of recurrent acute otitis media
- The vaccination is associated with about a 50% reduction in cases of recurrent acute otitis media
- The vaccination is associated with about a 80% reduction in cases of recurrent acute otitis media
14. You are seeing an 18-year-old college athlete complaining of ear His pain has been present for 4 days, and seems to be worsening. He has no fever or symptoms of upper respiratory infection. On examination, his ear canal is tender, erythematous, and swollen. His tympanic membrane is obscured by discharge and debris. What is the treatment of choice for this patient?
- Flushing of the ear canal with hydrogen peroxide
- Topical antibiotics
- Systemic antibiotics
- Topical hydrocortisone
- Oral steroids
15. You are seeing a 45-year-old diabetic woman who reports bilateral lower extremity peripheral In addition to diabetes, she has hyper- tension and depression. Which of the following medications is the likely cause of her edema?
- Fluoxetine
- Metformin
- Rosiglitazone
- Lisinopril
- Hydrochlorothiazide
16. You are seeing a 23-year-old woman complaining of swelling of the lower On examination, you note lower leg edema that spares the feet. What is the likely cause?
- Lymphedema
- Lipedema
- Hepatocellular disease
- Venous insufficiency
- Varicose veins
17. You are evaluating a 47-year-old woman complaining of bilateral lower extremity She denies dyspnea, and on examination has no rales, JVD, or ascites. Her cardiac examination is normal. What would be the next step in the evaluation of her edema?
- Echocardiogram
- Thyroid stimulating hormone
- Liver function studies
- A lower extremity Doppler
- A urinalysis
18. You are evaluating a 40-year-old woman with a new onset of bilateral lower extremity She denies dyspnea, and on examination has no rales or JVD. On evaluation, she has an abdominal fluid wave. Which of the following would be the next step in the evaluation of her edema?
- Echocardiogram
- Thyroid stimulating hormone
- Liver function tests
- A lower extremity Doppler
- A urinalysis
19. You are evaluating a 33-year-old obese man who noted unilateral lower extremity He denies dyspnea or recent trauma. On evalua- tion, you note pitting edema on the right without signs of trauma, ery- thema, or inflammation. Which of the following would be the most appropriate next step in the evaluation of his edema?
- Echocardiogram
- Thyroid stimulating hormone
- Liver function studies
- A lower extremity Doppler
- A urinalysis
20. You are evaluating a 63-year-old diabetic man who noted unilateral lower extremity He denies dyspnea or recent trauma. On evaluation, you note pitting edema on the right with well-demarcated erythema from the ankle to the midthigh. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
- Varicose veins
- Chronic CHF
- Venous insufficiency
- Deep venous thrombosis (DVT)
- Cellulitis