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Myocardial function- Part 2
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Myocardial function- Part 1 |Myocardial function- Part 2
1.During exercise, which of the following parameters show relatively little change ?
A. LV end-diastolic pressure
B. Cardiac output
C. Aortic flow velocity
D. Rate of ventricular pressure development
2. Drugs that enhance relaxation of myocardium are called ?
A. Dromotropic
B. Ionotropic
C. Lusitropic
D. Cathotropic
3. Which protein series mediates the activation of adenylate cyclase by -adrenergic agonists ?
A. E
B. F
C. G
D. H
4. Ejection fraction is the ?
A. Ratio of stroke volume to end-systolic volume
B. Ratio of stroke volume to end-diastolic volume
C. Ratio of end-systolic volume to stroke volume
D. Ratio of end-diastolic volume to stroke volume
5. Normal value of ventricular end-diastolic volume is ?
A. 50 ± 20 mL/m2
B. 60 ± 20 mL/m2
C. 70 ± 20 mL/m2
D. 80 ± 20 mL/m2
6. Cardiac function variable that is influenced by ventricular loading conditions is ?
A. Cardiac output
B. Ejection fraction
C. Ventricular volumes
D. All of the above
7. Atrial contribution to ventricular filling is reduced by ?
A. Atrial fibrillation
B. Atrioventricular dissociation
C. Prolongation or abbreviation of P-R interval
D. All of the above
8. Afterload is determined by ?
A. Arterial pressure
B. LV volume
C. Thickness of LV wall
D. All of the above
8. Which of the following parameter is included in Laplace’s law ?
A. Intracavitary ventricular pressure
B. Ventricular radius
C. Wall thickness
D. All of the above
9. Laplace’s law indicates ?
A. Length of myocardial fiber
B. Tension of myocardial fiber
C. Diameter of myocardial fiber
D. All of the above
10. Which of the following is not a loop diuretic ?
A. Metolazone
B. Piretanide
C. Bumetanide
D. Torsemide
11. Which of these loop diuretics is associated with deafness ?
A. Furosemide
B. Bumetanide
C. Ethacrynic acid
D. Torsemide
12. Diastolic heart failure is differentiated from systolic heart failure by ?
A. Ejection fraction
B. Relative wall thickness
C. End diastolic volume
D. All of the above
13. Ventricular “remodelling” is a result of ?
A. Loss of myocytes
B. Maladaptive changes in surviving myocytes
C. Maladaptive changes in extracellular matrix
D. All of the above
14. Plasma concentrations of all of the following substances are markedly increased in septic shock except ?
A. Atrial natriuretic peptide
B. Calcitonin gene-related peptide
C. Adenosine
D. Vasopressin
15. Vasoconstrictor effects of vasopressin occur at plasma vasopressin concentrations in the range of ?
A. 1 to 7 pg per milliliter
B. 10 to 200 pg per milliliter
C. 200 to 400 pg per milliliter
D. 600 to 800 pg per milliliter
16. In vasodilatory shock, resistance is observed to all of the following except ?
A. Norepinephrine
B. Angiotensin II
C. Endothelin
D. Vasopressin
17. Mechanism of vasodilatory shock include ?
A. Increased nitric oxide synthesis & depletion of vasopressin
B. Activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels
C. Activation of calcium-regulated potassium channels
D. All of the above
18. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is formed form ?
A. Pre pro-BNP
B. Pro-BNP
C. N-terminal-pro-BNP
D. N-terminal BNP
19. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is secreted predominantly by ?
A. Cardiac ventricle
B. Cerebral cortex
C. Cerebellum
D. All of the above
20. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is secreted by cardiac ventricles in response to ?
A. Wall stretch
B. Decreased intracardiac pressures
C. Hypotension
D. Bradycardia
21. What level of BNP indicates that heart failure is likely ?
A. > 500 pg per milliliter
B. > 1000 pg per milliliter
C. > 1500 pg per milliliter
D. > 2000 pg per milliliter
22. Which of the following is a brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) ?
A. Adenosine
B. Omapatrilat
C. Nesiritide
D. Fenoldopam
23. Which of the following is a dopamine receptor stimulator ?
A. Adenosine
B. Omapatrilat
C. Nesiritide
D. Fenoldopam
24. Pulmonary edema may not be visible on chest X-ray until the amount of lung water increases by ?
A. 10 percent
B. 20 percent
C. 30 percent
D. 40 percent
25. Following are the radiographic features of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema except ?
A. Greater than normal heart size
B. Increased width of vascular pedicle
C. Septal lines (Kerley’s B lines)
D. Absent peribronchial cuffing
