[MCQ] Hypertensive Vascular Disease- Part 1

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Hypertensive Vascular Disease- Part 1 | Hypertensive Vascular Disease- Part 2 |Hypertensive Vascular Disease- Part 3|Hypertensive Vascular Disease- Part4| Hypertensive Vascular Disease- Part 5

1. According to JNC 7, stage 2 hypertension is ?
A. 120/80 mm Hg
B. 140-159/90-99
C. >=160/100 mm Hg
D. 180/110 mm Hg
2.  Isolated systolic hypertension is defined as a systolic pressure of >=140 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure below ?
A. 70 mm Hg
B. 80 mm Hg
C. 90 mm Hg
D. 100 mm Hg
3.  Among adults, diastolic blood pressure increases progressively until what age, after which it tends to decrease ?
A. ~ 45 years
B. ~ 55 years
C. ~ 65 years
D. ~ 75 years

4.  The probability that a middle-aged or elderly individual will develop hypertension in his or her lifetime is ?
A. 10 %
B. 30 %
C. 60 %
D. 90 %

5.  Which of the following statements about age-related increase of blood pressure is false ?
A. Augmented by high NaCl intake
B. Augmented by low dietary intakes of calcium
C. Augmented by low dietary intakes of potassium
D. None of the above

6.  High BP before age 55 occurs how many times more frequently among persons with a positive family history of hypertension ?
A. 1.8 times
B. 2.8 times
C. 3.8 times
D. 4.8 times

7.  Which of the following is considered as a hypertension-related gene ?
A. Alpha-adducin gene
B. MDR1 gene
C. NAT2 gene
D. All of the above

8.  Which of the following genes is possibly related to hypertension ?
A. Gene encoding AT1 receptor
B. Gene encoding aldosterone synthase
C. Gene encoding 2 adrenoreceptor
D. All of the above

9.  Which of the following statements about genesis of hypertension is false ?
A. Vascular volume is a primary determinant of arterial pressure over the long term
B. Nonchloride salts of sodium have little or no effect on blood pressure
C. Salt-wasting disorders are associated with low blood pressure levels
D. None of the above
10.  The autonomic nervous system maintains cardiovascular homeostasis via which of the following signals ?
A. Pressure signals
B. Volume signals
C. Chemoreceptor signals
D. All of the above

11.  Which of the following is an endogenous catecholamine ?
A. Norepinephrine
B. Epinephrine
C. Dopamine
D. All of the above
.
12.  The activities of the adrenergic receptors are mediated by ?
A. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
B. Cytokine Receptor–Linked Kinase

C. Guanosine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins
D. Serine Kinase

13.  When activated by catecholamines, which of the following receptors act as negative feedback controllers, inhibiting further norepinephrine release ?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 1
D. 2

14.  In the kidney, activation of which of the following increases renal tubular reabsorption of sodium ?
A. 1-adrenergic receptors
B. 2-adrenergic receptors
C. 1-adrenergic receptors
D. 2-adrenergic receptors

15.  Activation of which of the following receptors by epinephrine relaxes vascular smooth muscle leading to vasodilation ?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 1
D. 2
.
16.  Which of the following is false about Renin ?
A. Prorenin is an enzymatically inactive precursor
B. Synthesized in renal afferent renal arteriole
C. Plasma contains 2 – 5 times more prorenin than renin
D. None of the above
17.  Which of the following is not a primary stimuli for renin secretion ?
A. Decreased NaCl transport in thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
B. Increased NaCl transport in thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
C. Decreased pressure or stretch within renal afferent arteriole
D. Sympathetic nervous system stimulation of renin-secreting cells via beta 1 adrenoreceptors

18.  Which of the following directly inhibits renin secretion ?
A. Angiotensin I
B. Angiotensin II
C. Prorenin
D. All of the above

19.  Which of the following statements is false ?
A. Angiotensin I is an inactive decapeptide
B. Angiotensin I is an active octapeptide
C. ACE-kininase II is located in pulmonary circulation
D. ACE-kininase II activates bradykinin

20.  Which of the following statements is false about angiotensin II ?
A. Acts on angiotensin II type 1 receptors on cell membranes
B. Potent pressor substance
C. Stimulates secretion of aldosterone
D. None of the above
21.  Which of the following is a functional effect of angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2) ?
A. Vasodilation
B. Sodium excretion
C. Inhibition of cell growth & matrix formation
D. All of the above

22.  Which of the following is a renin-secreting tumor ?
A. Germinoma
B. Benign hemangiopericytoma
C. Choriocarcinoma
D. Osteoblastoma