Select the one best response to each question!
The vertebral column does all of the following EXCEPT?
The vertebral column forms the main part of the axial skeleton
Which of the following is NOT a distinctive characteristic of a typical cervical vertebra?
The articular processes contain superior facets directed superoposteriorly
Which of the following is NOT a distinctive characteristic of a typical thoracic vertebra?
The vertebral foramen is circular and smaller than the foramina of cervical and lumbar vertebrae
Which of the following is a distinctive characteristic of a typical lumbar vertebra?
The body is massive and kidney-shaped when viewed superiorly. The vertebral foramen is triangular and larger than the foramina in thoracic vertebrae and smaller than those in cervical vertebrae. The transverse processes are long and slender and contain accessory processes. The articular processes contain mammillary processes. The spinous processes are short, thick, and broad
Which of the following is true regarding the intervertebral disc between the C1 and C2 vertebrae?
There is no intervertebral disc between the C1 and C2 vertebrae
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All of the following are true regarding the posterior longitudinal ligament EXCEPT?
The posterior longitudinal ligament helps prevent hyperflexion of the vertebral column
Spinal arteries supplying the vertebrae are branches of the
Spinal arteries supplying the vertebrae are branches of the vertebral and ascending cervical arteries in the neck, posterior intercostal arteries in the thorax, subcostal and lumbar arteries in the lumbar region, and iliolumbar and lateral and medial sacral arteries in the pelvis
Which of the following back muscles is innervated by dorsal rami?
The longissimus, a deep or intrinsic back muscle, is innervated by dorsal rami. All superficial or extrinsic back muscles except the trapezius, which is innervated by the accessory nerve, are innervated by ventral rami
Which of the following is NOT a deep (or intrinsic) muscle of the back?
The serratus posterior inferior is an intermediate extrinsic back muscle
The splenius capitis and cervicis
The splenius capitis and cervicis, when acting together, extend the head and neck
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The erector spinae muscles
The erector spinae muscles extend the vertebral column and head when acting bilaterally, control flexion of the back by gradually lengthening their fibers, and bend the vertebral column laterally when acting unilaterally
Which of the following is not a member of the minor deep layer of the back?
The spinalis is a member of the erector spinae muscles, which comprise the intermediate muscle layer of the back
The transversospinalis muscles do all of the following EXCEPT
The transversospinalis muscles do not elevate the ribs to assist inspiration
Which of the following muscles does NOT attach to transverse processes of vertebrae?
The spinalis inserts on spinous processes—not transverse processes. The semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores, and intertransversarii all attach to transverse processes of vertebrae
Which of the following muscles does NOT laterally bend the cervical intervertebral joints?
The longus colli flexes the cervical intervertebral joints but does not bend them laterally
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| The vertebral column does all of the following EXCEPT (A) protect the spinal cord and spinal nerves (B) support the weight of the body (C) provide a pivot for the head (D) play an important role in posture and locomotion (E) form the main part of the appendicular skeleton |
| Which of the following is NOT a distinctive characteristic of a typical cervical vertebra? (A) The body is small and wider from side to side than anteroposteriorly. (B) The vertebral foramen is large and triangular. (C) The transverse processes contain transverse foramina. (D) The articular processes contain superior facets directed inferoanteriorly. (E) The spinous processes are short and bifid. |
| Which of the following is NOT a distinctive characteristic of a typical thoracic vertebra? (A) The body is heart-shaped. (B) The vertebral foramen is triangular and larger than in cervical and lumbar vertebrae. (C) The transverse processes are long and strong and extend posterolaterally. (D) The articular processes contain superior facets directed posteriorly and slightly laterally. (E) The spinous processes are long and slope posteroinferiorly. |
| Which of the following is a distinctive characteristic of a typical lumbar vertebra? (A) The body is massive and kidney-shaped when viewed superiorly. (B) The vertebral foramen is circular and smaller than those of cervical and lumbar vertebrae. (C) The transverse processes are long and slender and contain mammillary processes. (D) The articular processes contain accessory processes. (E) The spinous processes are long and slope posteroinferiorly. |
| Which of the following is true regarding the intervertebral disc between the C1 and C2 vertebrae? (A) Its annulus fibrosus is composed of concentric lamellae of fibrocartilage. (B) It does not contain a nucleus pulposus as other intervertebral discs do. (C) It is thicker than other intervertebral discs. (D) It acts like a shock absorber in response to axial forces. (E) There is no intervertebral disc between the C1 and C2 vertebrae. |
| All of the following are true regarding the posterior longitudinal ligament EXCEPT (A) It is narrower and weaker than the anterior longitudinal ligament. (B) It runs within the vertebral canal and connects the vertebral bodies to each other. (C) It is provided with pain nerve endings. (D) It helps prevent hyperextension of the vertebral column. (E) It is attached to the intervertebral discs and the posterior edges of the vertebral bodies. |
| Spinal arteries supplying the vertebrae are branches of the (A) vertebral and ascending cervical arteries in the neck (B) posterior intercostal arteries in the lumbar region (C) subcostal and lumbar arteries in the pelvis (D) iliolumbar and lateral and medial sacral arteries in the thorax (E) aorta |
| Which of the following back muscles is innervated by dorsal rami? (A) latissimus dorsi (B) levator scapulae (C) rhomboid major (D) rhomboid minor (E) longissimus |
| Which of the following is NOT a deep (or intrinsic) muscle of the back? (A) serratus posterior inferior (B) levatores costarum (C) iliocostalis (D) multifidus (E) splenius capitis |
| The splenius capitis and cervicis (A) extend the head and neck (B) flex the head and neck (C) elevate ribs, assisting inspiration (D) stabilize the atlas and axis (E) move the upper limb |
| 11. The erector spinae muscles (A) flex the vertebral column (B) flex the head (C) control flexion of the back (D) prevent lateral bending of the vertebral column (E) assist with elevation |
| Which of the following is not a member of the minor deep layer of the back? (A) levatores costarum (B) cervical intertransversarii (C) spinalis (D) interspinales (E) thoracic intertransversarii |
| The transversospinalis muscles do all of the following EXCEPT (A) extend the head (B) extend the thoracic and cervical regions of the vertebral column (C) elevate ribs, assisting inspiration (D) stabilize vertebrae (E) assist with rotation of the vertebral column |
| Which of the following muscles does NOT attach to transverse processes of vertebrae? (A) semispinalis (B) multifidus (C) rotatores (D) intertransversarii (E) spinalis |
| Which of the following muscles does NOT laterally bend the cervical intervertebral joints? (A) longus colli (B) iliocostalis cervicis (C) longissimus capitis and cervicis (D) splenius capitis (E) splenius cervicis |
