[MCQ] Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex- Part 1

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Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex- Part 1

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Question 1

Corticosteroid hormone produced by adrenal cortex is ?

A	Glucocorticoids
B	Mineralocorticoids
C	Adrenal androgens
D	All of the above

Question 1 Explanation:

Corticosteroid hormones produced by adrenal cortex are glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids & adrenal androgens.

Question 2

Which of the following is produced by adrenal cortex ?

A	Dehydroepiandrosterone
B	Aldosterone
C	Cortisol
D	All of the above

Question 3

Each normal adrenal gland weighs ?

A	2 - 6 gram
B	6 - 11 gram
C	11 - 18 gram
D	18 - 31 gram

Question 3 Explanation:

Each normal adrenal gland weighs 6 - 11 gram.

Question 4

Which of the following is located outermost in adrenal gland ?

A	Zona glomerulosa
B	Zona fasciculata
C	Zona reticularis
D	Adrenal medulla

Question 4 Explanation:

Adrenal glands are located above the kidneys and have their own blood supply. Arterial blood supply is from outside to inside. Initially to subcapsular region, then to outer cortical zona glomerulosa, then to intermediate zona fasciculata, then to inner zona reticularis and eventually to adrenal medulla.

Question 5

Which of the following about adrenal glands is false ?

A	Adrenals originate from urogenital ridge
B	Sexual differentiation occurs at 7th - 9th week of gestation
C	Left suprarenal vein drains into vena cava
D	SF1 and DAX1 are nuclear receptors

Question 5 Explanation:

Right suprarenal vein drains directly into vena cava while left drains into left renal vein.

Question 6

Size of polypeptide pro opiomelanocortin (POMC) is ?

A	141 amino acid
B	241 amino acid
C	341 amino acid
D	441 amino acid

Question 6 Explanation:

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulates cleavage of 241-amino acid polypeptide pro opiomelanocortin (POMC) by pituitary-specific prohormone convertase to produce adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH

Question 7

Size of ACTH peptide is ?

A	21 amino acid
B	39 amino acid
C	76 amino acid
D	98 amino acid

Question 7 Explanation:

ACTH peptide contains 39 amino acids but first 24 are sufficient to elicit a physiologic response

Question 8

A normal response in standard ACTH stimulation test is defined as a cortisol level of ?

A	> 5 μg / dL
B	> 10 μg / dL
C	> 15 μg / dL
D	> 20 μg / dL

Question 8 Explanation:

The standard ACTH stimulation test involves administration of cosyntropin (ACTH 1-24), 0.25 mg IM or IV, and collection of blood samples at 0, 30, and 60 minutes for cortisol. A normal response is defined as a cortisol level > 20 μg/dL or an increment of >10 μg/dL over baseline.

Question 9

MC2R (melanocortin 2 receptor) interacts with which of the following to bind ACTH ?

A	MRAP
B	MRBP
C	MRCP
D	MRDP

Question 9 Explanation:

ACTH stimulation is required for initiation of steroidogenesis. ACTH receptor MC2R (melanocortin 2 receptor) interacts with MC2R-accessory protein (MRAP) and this complex at adrenocortical cell membrane binds to ACTH.

Question 10

PKA activation affects steroidogenesis through ?

A	Increase in import of cholesterol esters
B	Breaks cholesterol esters to cholesterol
C	Increases availability & phosphorylation of CREB
D	All of the above

Question 10 Explanation:

ACTH stimulation generates cyclic AMP (cAMP) which then upregulates protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. PKA activation increases import of cholesterol esters, increases activity of hormone-sensitive lipase, which cleaves cholesterol esters to cholesterol for import into mitochondrion and increases availability & phosphorylation of CREB (cAMP response element binding), a transcription factor that enhances transcription of CYP11A1 and other enzymes required for glucocorticoid synthesis.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is false ?

A	Mineralocorticoid synthesis occurs in zona glomerulosa
B	Glucocorticoid synthesis occurs in zona fasciculata
C	Adrenal androgen synthesis occurs in zona reticularis
D	None of the above

Question 11 Explanation:

Adrenal steroidogenesis occurs in a zone-specific manner. Mineralocorticoid synthesis occurs in outer zona glomerulosa, glucocorticoid synthesis in zona fasciculata, and adrenal androgen synthesis in inner zona reticularis.

Question 12

Cholesterol import into mitochondrion is initiated by the action of ?

A	Phosphorylation of CREB
B	Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein
C	CYP11A1
D	All of the above

Question 12 Explanation:

All steroidogenic pathways require cholesterol import into the mitochondrion, a process initiated by the action of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein, which moves cholesterol from outer to inner mitochondrial membrane. CREB acts in the nucleus and makes available CYP11A1 which traverses to the mitochondria.

Question 13

Which of the following enzyme converts pregnenolone to progesterone ?

A	17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1)
B	21-hydroxylase (CYP21A2)
C	11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1)
D	3β-HSD2

Question 14

Which of the following enzyme converts progesterone to 17- hydroxyprogesterone ?

A	17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1)
B	21-hydroxylase (CYP21A2)
C	11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1)
D	3β-HSD2

Question 15

Which of the following enzyme converts 17-hydroxyprogesterone to androstenedione ?

A	17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1)
B	21-hydroxylase (CYP21A2)
C	11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1)
D	3β-HSD2

Question 16

Action of mineralocorticoids include all except ?

A	Immune responses
B	Blood pressure
C	Vascular volume
D	Electrolytes

Question 16 Explanation:

Glucocorticoids modulate intermediary metabolism & immune responses. Mineralocorticoids maintain blood pressure, vascular volume & electrolytes and androgens address secondary sexual characteristics (in females).

Question 17

Basic structure of steroids is built upon a nucleus with how many rings ?

A	Three-rings
B	Four-rings
C	Five-rings
D	Six-rings

Question 17 Explanation:

Basic structure of steroids is built upon a five-ring nucleus

Question 18

Number of carbon atoms in 17-hydroxycorticosteroids is ?

A	17
B	18
C	19
D	21

Question 18 Explanation:

Adrenal steroids contain either 19 or 21 carbon atoms. C21 steroids with a hydroxyl group at position 17 are termed 17-hydroxycorticosteroids.

Question 19

Number of carbon atoms in 17-ketosteroids is ?

A	17
B	18
C	19
D	20

Question 19 Explanation:

C19 steroids have methyl groups at C-18 & C-19. C19 steroids with a ketone group at C-17 are termed 17-ketosteroids.

Question 20

C19 steroids have predominantly ?

A	Androgenic properties
B	Glucocorticoid properties
C	Mineralcorticoid properties
D	All of the above

Question 20 Explanation:

C19 steroids have predominantly androgenic activity.

Question 21

Cyclopentenoperhydrophenanthrane nucleus is a constituent of ?

A	Steroids
B	Insulin
C	Pepsin
D	Growth hormone

Question 22

Basic substrate for steroidogenesis is ?

A	Triglycerides
B	Cholesterol
C	Amino acids
D	Polysaccharides

Question 22 Explanation:

Cholesterol from diet and from endogenous synthesis is the substrate for steroidogenesis

Question 23

Uptake of cholesterol by adrenal cortex is mediated by ?

A	LDL receptor
B	HDL receptor
C	VLDL receptor
D	None of the above

Question 23 Explanation:

Uptake of cholesterol by adrenal cortex is mediated by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor.

Question 24

Which of the following is expressed in outer (glomerulosa) cell layer of adrenal cortex ?

A	17-hydroxylase
B	21-hydroxylase
C	Aldosterone synthase
D	All of the above

Question 24 Explanation:

Phenomenon of zonation exists in adrenal cortex in which selective genes express enzymes that form specific hormones. Aldosterone synthase is expressed only in outer (glomerulosa) cell layer. 21- & 17-hydroxylase are expressed in (inner) fasciculata-reticularis cell layers, which form cortisol & androgen biosynthesis, respectively.

Question 25

Cortisol circulates in the plasma as ?

A	Free cortisol
B	Protein-bound cortisol
C	Cortisol metabolites
D	All of the above

Question 26

Physiologically active form of cortisol is ?

A	Free cortisol
B	Protein-bound cortisol
C	Cortisol metabolites
D	All of the above

Question 26 Explanation:

Cortisol circulates in the plasma as free cortisol, protein-bound cortisol, and cortisol metabolites. Only the unbound cortisol and its metabolites are filterable at the glomerulus.

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See all quizzes of Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex at here:

1.Corticosteroid hormone produced by adrenal cortex is ?
A. Glucocorticoids
B. Mineralocorticoids
C. Adrenal androgens

D. All of the above

2. Which of the following is produced by adrenal cortex ?
A. Dehydroepiandrosterone
B. Aldosterone
C. Cortisol
D. All of the above
3. Each normal adrenal gland weighs ?
A. 2 – 6 gram
B. 6 – 11 gram
C. 11 – 18 gram
D. 18 – 31 gram

4. Which of the following is located outermost in adrenal gland ?
A. Zona glomerulosa
B. Zona fasciculata
C. Zona reticularis
D. Adrenal medulla

5. Which of the following about adrenal glands is false ?
A. Adrenals originate from urogenital ridge
B. Sexual differentiation occurs at 7th – 9th week of gestation
C. Left suprarenal vein drains into vena cava
D. SF1 and DAX1 are nuclear receptors

6. Size of polypeptide pro opiomelanocortin (POMC) is ?
A. 141 amino acid
B. 241 amino acid
C. 341 amino acid
D. 441 amino acid

7. Size of ACTH peptide is ?
A. 21 amino acid
B. 39 amino acid
C. 76 amino acid
D. 98 amino acid

8. A normal response in standard ACTH stimulation test is defined
as a cortisol level of ?
A. > 5 μg / dL
B. > 10 μg / dL
C. > 15 μg / dL
D. > 20 μg / dL

9. MC2R (melanocortin 2 receptor) interacts with which of the
following to bind ACTH ?
A. MRAP
B. MRBP
C. MRCP
D. MRDP

10. PKA activation affects steroidogenesis through ?
A. Increase in import of cholesterol esters
B. Breaks cholesterol esters to cholesterol
C. Increases availability & phosphorylation of CREB
D. All of the above

11.Which of the following statements is false ?
Harrison’s 18th Ed. 2942
A. Mineralocorticoid synthesis occurs in zona glomerulosa
B. Glucocorticoid synthesis occurs in zona fasciculata
C. Adrenal androgen synthesis occurs in zona reticularis
D. None of the above

12. Cholesterol import into mitochondrion is initiated by the action
of ?
A. Phosphorylation of CREB
B. Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein
C. CYP11A1
D. All of the above

13. Which of the following enzyme converts pregnenolone to
progesterone ?

A. 17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1)
B. 21-hydroxylase (CYP21A2)
C. 11-hydroxylase (CYP11B1)
D. 3-HSD2
14.Which of the following enzyme converts progesterone to 17-
hydroxyprogesterone ?
A. 17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1)
B. 21-hydroxylase (CYP21A2)
C. 11-hydroxylase (CYP11B1)
D. 3-HSD2

15. Which of the following enzyme converts 17-hydroxyprogesterone
to androstenedione ?
A. 17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1)
B. 21-hydroxylase (CYP21A2)
C. 11-hydroxylase (CYP11B1)
D. 3-HSD2
16. Which of the following enzyme converts 11-deoxycortisol to cortisol ?
A. 17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1)
B. 21-hydroxylase (CYP21A2)
C. 11-hydroxylase (CYP11B1)
D. 3-HSD2
17. Action of mineralocorticoids include all except ?
A. Immune responses
B. Blood pressure
C. Vascular volume
D. Electrolytes

18. Basic structure of steroids is built upon a nucleus with how many
rings ?
A. Three-rings
B. Four-rings
C. Five-rings
D. Six-rings

19. Number of carbon atoms in 17-hydroxycorticosteroids is ?

A. 17
B. 18
C. 19
D. 21

20. Number of carbon atoms in 17-ketosteroids is ?
A. 17
B. 18
C. 19
D. 20

21. C19 steroids have predominantly ?
A. Androgenic properties
B. Glucocorticoid properties
C. Mineralcorticoid properties
D. All of the above
C19 steroids have predominantly androgenic activity.
22. Cyclopentenoperhydrophenanthrane nucleus is a constituent
of ?
A. Steroids
B. Insulin
C. Pepsin
D. Growth hormone
23. Basic substrate for steroidogenesis is ?
A. Triglycerides
B. Cholesterol
C. Amino acids
D. Polysaccharides

24. Uptake of cholesterol by adrenal cortex is mediated by ?
A. LDL receptor
B. HDL receptor
C. VLDL receptor
D. None of the above

25 Which of the following is expressed in outer (glomerulosa) cell
layer of adrenal cortex ?
A. 17-hydroxylase
B. 21-hydroxylase
C. Aldosterone synthase

D. All of the above

26 Cortisol circulates in the plasma as ?
A. Free cortisol
B. Protein-bound cortisol
C. Cortisol metabolites
D. All of the above
27 Physiologically active form of cortisol is ?
A. Free cortisol
B. Protein-bound cortisol
C. Cortisol metabolites
D. All of the above

[MCQ] Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex- Part 1

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Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex- Part 1

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