[MCQ] Disorders of the Neurohypophysis- Part 2

I. Start the exam by click the “Start” button

Disorders of the Neurohypophysis- Part 2

Please wait while the activity loads.
If this activity does not load, try refreshing your browser. Also, this page requires javascript. Please visit using a browser with javascript enabled.

If loading fails, click here to try again

Start

Congratulations - you have completed Disorders of the Neurohypophysis- Part 2. You scored %%SCORE%% out of %%TOTAL%%. Your performance has been rated as %%RATING%%

Your answers are highlighted below.

Question 1

Which of the following clinical features of diabetes insipidus is false ?

A	Daily urine volume is >50 mL/kg body weight
B	Urine osmolarity is <300 mosmol/L
C	Dehydration is common
D	Enuresis is common

Question 1 Explanation:

In diabetes insipidus, due to decreased secretion or action of AVP urine volume is >50 mL/kg body weight/day & urine osmolarity is <300 mosmol/L. Polyuria produces urinary frequency, enuresis, and/ or nocturia, thirst & polydipsia. Clinical signs of dehydration are uncommon unless fluid intake is impaired.

Question 2

Primary diabetes insipidus is also called ?

A	Neurohypophyseal DI
B	Pituitary DI
C	Central DI
D	Any of the above

Question 2 Explanation:

Primary DI results from agenesis or irreversible destruction of neuro-hypophysis and is also called neurohypophyseal DI, pituitary DI, or central DI.

Question 3

Which of the following is a primary polydipsia ?

A	Dipsogenic DI
B	Psychogenic polydipsia
C	Iatrogenic polydipsia
D	All of the above

Question 4

Wolfram’s syndrome includes ?

A	Diabetes insipidus
B	Diabetes mellitus
C	Optic atrophy
D	All of the above

Question 4 Explanation:

Wolfram’s syndrome includes diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and neural deafness (DIDMOAD)]. It is an autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations of WFS 1 gene.

Question 5

In gestational DI, offending substance that produces deficiency of AVP comes from ?

A	Placenta
B	Foetus
C	Uterus
D	All of the above

Question 5 Explanation:

A primary deficiency of plasma AVP can also result from increased metabolism by an N-terminal aminopeptidase produced by the placenta. It is referred to as gestational DI

Question 6

Urine concentration ceases when secretion or action of AVP is reduced to what level of normal ?

A	30 %
B	50 %
C	80 %
D	100 %

Question 6 Explanation:

When secretion or action of AVP is reduced to ~80 to 85% of normal, urine concentration ceases & the rate of output increases to symptomatic levels

Question 7

Which of the following increases plasma AVP levels ?

A	Nausea
B	Smoking
C	Vasovagal reaction
D	All of the above

Question 7 Explanation:

Nausea, smoking & vasovagal reaction increases plasma AVP to produce profound antidiuresis.

Question 8

In primary or metastatic malignancies, ectopic AVP production results from abnormal expression of which gene ?

A	AVP-NPI
B	AVP-NPII
C	AVP-NPIII
D	AVP-NPIV

Question 8 Explanation:

Ectopic production of AVP result from abnormal expression of AVP-NPII gene by primary or metastatic malignancies.

Question 9

What value of rise in blood glucose leads to decrease in serum sodium of about 1 meq/L ?

A	18 mg/dL
B	36 mg/dL
C	54 mg/dL
D	72 mg/dL

Question 9 Explanation:

Serum sodium decreases ~1 meq/L for each 36 mg/dL rise in glucose.

Question 10

Each decrease in serum sodium of 1 meq/L reduces plasma osmolarity by about ?

A	1 mosmol/L
B	2 mosmol/L
C	3 mosmol/L
D	4 mosmol/L

Question 10 Explanation:

Each decrease in serum sodium of 1 meq/L reduces plasma osmolarity by about 2 mosmol/L.

Question 11

Central pontine myelinolysis is characterized by all except ?

A	Quadriparesis
B	Ataxia
C	Paresthesias
D	Abnormal extraocular movements

Question 11 Explanation:

Central pontine myelinolysis is characterized by quadriparesis, ataxia & abnormal extraocular movements

Question 12

In treatment of hyponatremia in SIADH with hypertonic saline, maximum rise in serum sodium level should not be more than ?

A	6 mmol/L
B	8 mmol/L
C	10 mmol/L
D	12 mmol/L

Question 13

Pituitary bright spot is almost always present in patients with ?

A	Pituitary diabetes insipidus
B	Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
C	Primary polydipsia
D	All of the above

Question 13 Explanation:

In MRI of pituitary & hypothalamus of healthy beings, posterior pituitary emits a hyperintense signal in T1-weighted mid-sagittal images. This “pituitary bright spot” is almost always present in patients with primary polydipsia but is invariably absent or abnormally small in patients with pituitary DI, it is small or absent in nephrogenic DI because of high secretion & turnover of vasopressin.

Question 14

Pituitary bright spot is absent in patients with ?

A	Pituitary diabetes insipidus
B	Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
C	Empty sella who do not have diabetes insipidus
D	All of the above

Question 14 Explanation:

A normal pituitary bright spot on MRI excludes pituitary DI, is against nephrogenic DI and strongly suggests primary polydipsia. It is absent not only in pituitary and nephrogenic DI but also in some normal persons and in patients with empty sella who do not have DI.

Question 15

Desmopressin (DDAVP) can be administered by ?

A	SC injection
B	Nasal inhalation
C	Oral tablet
D	All of the above

Question 15 Explanation:

DDAVP is a synthetic analogue of AVP that can be given IV or SC, nasal inhalation or orally.

Question 16

Nephrogenic DI is treated by ?

A	Thiazide diuretic
B	Indomethacin
C	Amiloride
D	All of the above

Question 16 Explanation:

Nephrogenic DI does not respond to desmopressin but may be reduced with thiazide diuretic and/ or amiloride with low-sodium diet. Inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis (indomethacin) are effective.

Question 17

Which of the following is false about adipsic hypernatremia ?

A	Hypovolemia
B	Hypokalemia
C	Hyperuricemia
D	None of the above

Question 17 Explanation:

Adipsic hypernatremia is a state of chronic or recurrent hypertonic dehydration due to deficiency in osmoregulation of thirst. Hypernatremia is associated with hypovolemia presenting as tachycardia, postural hypotension, azotemia, hyperuricemia & hypokalemia. Muscle weakness, pain, rhabdomyolysis, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia & acute renal failure may also occur. DI is usually not present, at least at presentation.

Question 18

Which of the following is false about adipsic hypernatremia ?

A	Due to destruction of neurohypophysis
B	Hypernatremic
C	Hypertonic dehydration
D	Develop hyponatremia if overhydrated

Question 18 Explanation:

Adipsic hypernatremia is caused by agenesis or destruction of the hypothalamic osmoreceptors that normally regulate thirst & AVP secretion.

Question 19

Most common electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients is ?

A	Hypokalemia
B	Hyponatremia
C	Hypocalcemia
D	Hypomagnesemia

Question 19 Explanation:

Hyponatremia, defined as an excess of water in relation to sodium in extra-cellular fluid, is the most common electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients.

Question 20

SIADH was first described in patients with ?

A	Sepsis
B	Head trauma
C	Bronchogenic carcinoma
D	Schizophrenia

Question 20 Explanation:

SIADH was first described in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma in whom a physiologic stimulus for release of antidiuretic hormone was lacking and the level of secretion of ADH was deemed “inappropriate”. After the syndrome was described, ADH in humans was found to be arginine vasopressin

Question 21

Which of the following is an AVP analogue ?

A	Desmopressin
B	Oxytocin
C	Vasopressin
D	All of the above

Question 22

Water intoxication can lead to ?

A	Headache
B	Anorexia, nausea, vomiting
C	Confusion, coma, convulsions
D	All of the above

Question 22 Explanation:

Severe hyponatremia (serum sodium <125 mmol per liter), especially when the condition develops rapidly (within 48 hours), has serious sequelae, including confusion, hallucinations, seizures, coma, decerebrate posture & respiratory arrest, leading to death.

Question 23

Drug that stimulate release of AVP or enhance its action is ?

A	Carbamazepine
B	Nicotine
C	Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
D	All of the above

Question 23 Explanation:

Drugs that stimulate release of AVP or enhance its action include Chlorpropramide, SSRIs, Tricyclic antidepressants, Clofibrate, Carbamazepine, Vincristine, Nicotine, Narcotics, Antipsychotic drugs, Ifosfamide, Cyclophosphamide, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Ecstasy.

Once you are finished, click the button below. Any items you have not completed will be marked incorrect. Get Results

There are 23 questions to complete.

←

List

→

Return

Shaded items are complete.

1	2	3	4	5
6	7	8	9	10
11	12	13	14	15
16	17	18	19	20
21	22	23	End

Return

See all quizzes of Disorders of the Neurohypophysis at here:

1 Which of the following clinical features of diabetes insipidus is
false ?
A. Daily urine volume is >50 mL/kg body weight
B. Urine osmolarity is <300 mosmol/L
C. Dehydration is common
D. Enuresis is common

2 Primary diabetes insipidus is also called ?
A. Neurohypophyseal DI
B. Pituitary DI
C. Central DI
D. Any of the above

3 Which of the following is a primary polydipsia ?
A. Dipsogenic DI
B. Psychogenic polydipsia
C. Iatrogenic polydipsia

D. All of the above

3 Wolfram’s syndrome includes ?
A. Diabetes insipidus
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Optic atrophy
D. All of the above

4 In gestational DI, offending substance that produces deficiency of
AVP comes from ?
A. Placenta
B. Foetus
C. Uterus
D. All of the above
.
5 Urine concentration ceases when secretion or action of AVP is
reduced to what level of normal ?
A. 30 %
B. 50 %
C. 80 %
D. 100 %

6 Which of the following increases plasma AVP levels ?
A. Nausea
B. Smoking
C. Vasovagal reaction
D. All of the above

7 In primary or metastatic malignancies, ectopic AVP production
results from abnormal expression of which gene ?
A. AVP-NPI
B. AVP-NPII
C. AVP-NPIII
D. AVP-NPIV

8 What value of rise in blood glucose leads to decrease in serum
sodium of about 1 meq/L ?
A. 18 mg/dL

B. 36 mg/dL
C. 54 mg/dL
D. 72 mg/dL

9 Each decrease in serum sodium of 1 meq/L reduces plasma
osmolarity by about ?
A. 1 mosmol/L
B. 2 mosmol/L
C. 3 mosmol/L
D. 4 mosmol/L

10 Central pontine myelinolysis is characterized by all except ?
A. Quadriparesis
B. Ataxia
C. Paresthesias
D. Abnormal extraocular movements

11 In treatment of hyponatremia in SIADH with hypertonic saline,
maximum rise in serum sodium level should not be more than ?
A. 6 mmol/L
B. 8 mmol/L
C. 10 mmol/L
D. 12 mmol/L
12 Pituitary bright spot is almost always present in patients with ?
A. Pituitary diabetes insipidus
B. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
C. Primary polydipsia
D. All of the above

13 Pituitary bright spot is absent in patients with ?
A. Pituitary diabetes insipidus
B. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
C. Empty sella who do not have diabetes insipidus
D. All of the above

14 Desmopressin (DDAVP) can be administered by ?
A. SC injection
B. Nasal inhalation

C. Oral tablet
D. All of the above
DDAVP is a synthetic analogue of AVP that can be given IV or SC, nasal inhalation or orally.
15 Nephrogenic DI is treated by ?
Harrison’s 18th Ed. 2906
A. Thiazide diuretic
B. Indomethacin
C. Amiloride
D. All of the above

16 Which of the following is false about adipsic hypernatremia ?
A. Hypovolemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyperuricemia
D. None of the above

20 Which of the following is false about adipsic hypernatremia ?
A. Due to destruction of neurohypophysis
B. Hypernatremic
C. Hypertonic dehydration
D. Develop hyponatremia if overhydrated

21 Most common electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients is ?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypomagnesemia

22 SIADH was first described in patients with ?
A. Sepsis
B. Head trauma
C. Bronchogenic carcinoma
D. Schizophrenia

23 Which of the following is an AVP analogue ?
A. Desmopressin
B. Oxytocin

C. Vasopressin
D. All of the above
24 Water intoxication can lead to ?
A. Headache
B. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting
C. Confusion, coma, convulsions
D. All of the above

25 Drug that stimulate release of AVP or enhance its action is ?
A. Carbamazepine
B. Nicotine
C. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
D. All of the above

Disorders of the Neurohypophysis

[MCQ] Disorders of the Neurohypophysis- Part 2

I. Start the exam by click the “Start” button

Disorders of the Neurohypophysis- Part 2

Share this:

Related

[MCQ] Disorders of the Neurohypophysis- Part 1

[MCQ] Disorders of the Thyroid Gland- Part 1

You may also like

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply