[MCQ] Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus- Part 2

I. Start the exam by click the “Start” button

Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus- Part 2

Please wait while the activity loads.
If this activity does not load, try refreshing your browser. Also, this page requires javascript. Please visit using a browser with javascript enabled.

If loading fails, click here to try again

Start

Congratulations - you have completed Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus- Part 2. You scored %%SCORE%% out of %%TOTAL%%. Your performance has been rated as %%RATING%%

Your answers are highlighted below.

Question 1

“CREB” stands for ?

A	Cholesterol response element binding protein
B	Cyclic AMP response element binding protein
C	Calcium response element binding protein
D	Cancer response element binding protein

Question 1 Explanation:

CREB (cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element-binding) protein, is a critical transcription factor for neuronal survival which plays an important role in memory in the hippocampus

Question 2

Factors involved in initiation and promotion of pituitary tumors include ?

A	Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)
B	Loss of negative-feedback inhibition
C	Estrogen-mediated or paracrine angiogenesis
D	All of the above

Question 2 Explanation:

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) stimulate pituitary cell mitogenesis. Other factors involved in initiation & promotion of pituitary tumors include loss of negative-feedback inhibition & estrogenmediated or paracrine angiogenesis.

Question 3

Which of the following is a genetic syndrome associated with pituitary tumors ?

A	Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 1
B	Carney syndrome
C	McCune-Albright syndrome
D	All of the above

Question 3 Explanation:

Genetic predisposition to parathyroid, pancreatic islet & pituitary adenomas occurs in autosomal dominant Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 1 because “MENIN”, the tumor-suppressor gene on chromosome 11q13, is inactivated by mutation. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH)of the remaining normal MENIN allele, leads to tumorigenesis. Carney syndrome is due to mutations in R1 regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PRKAR1A). Testicular, adrenal & pituitary adenomas along with spotty skin pigmentation & myxomas are the characteristic features. McCune-Albright syndrome refers to polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, pigmented skin patches, and GH-secreting pituitary tumors, adrenal and ovarian tumours. Hormonal hypersecretion is secondary to to cyclic AMP overproduction caused by postzygotic inactivation of GTPase activity of Gs.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a feature of Hand-Schuller-Christian disease ?

A	Diabetes mellitus
B	Exophthalmos
C	Punched-out lytic bone lesions
D	Axillary skin rash

Question 4 Explanation:

Foci of eosinophilic granulomas are a typical feature of Histiocytosis X. Hand-Schuller-Christian disease refers to a constellation of diabetes insipidus, exophthalmos, punched-out lytic bone lesions & typical axillary skin rash.

Question 5

Craniopharyngiomas arise near which of the following ?

A	Pituitary stalk
B	Anterior pituitary
C	Posterior pituitary
D	Hypothalamus

Question 5 Explanation:

Craniopharyngiomas, derived from Rathke’s pouch, arise near the pituitary stalk & extend into suprasellar cistern. They are often large, cystic, locally invasive & partially calcified. They present frequently before age 20, with signs of increased intracranial pressure. Other presentations include visual field abnormalities, personality changes & cognitive deterioration, growth retardation, cranial nerve damage, sleep difficulties, weight gain, anterior pituitary dysfunction & diabetes insipidus.

Question 6

Diabetes insipidus can be caused by ?

A	Septo-Optic Dysplasia
B	Bardet-Biedl Syndrome
C	Transsphenoidal Surgery
D	All of the above

Question 7

Diabetes insipidus can be caused by ?

A	Sarcoidosis
B	Histiocytosis X
C	Hemochromatosis
D	All of the above

Question 8

Diabetes insipidus can be caused by ?

A	Craniopharyngiomas
B	Rathke’s cleft cysts
C	Hand-Schüller-Christian disease
D	All of the above

Question 9

Diabetes insipidus can be caused by ?

A	Pituitary metastases
B	Brain germ-cell tumors
C	Amyloidosis
D	All of the above

Question 10

Blood-borne metastatic deposits in pituitary gland are found mostly in ?

A	Anterior pituitary
B	Posterior pituitary
C	Pituitary stalk
D	Any of the above

Question 10 Explanation:

Pituitary metastases occur in ~3% of cancer patients and blood-borne metastatic deposits are found almost exclusively in posterior pituitary. Diabetes insipidus is the presenting feature

Question 11

Pallister-Hall syndrome is associated with ?

A	Hypothalamic gliomas
B	Hypothalamic hamartomas
C	Pituitary metastases
D	Rathke’s cysts

Question 11 Explanation:

Pituitary failure secondary to lesions around pituitary due to hamartoma along with craniofacial abnormalities, imperforate anus, cardiac, renal & lung disorders is called Pallister-Hall syndrome which is caused by mutations in the carboxy terminus of the GLI3 gene.

Question 12

Hyperthermia results due to lesion in which part of hypothalamus ?

A	Anterior and preoptic hypothalamus
B	Posterior hypothalamus
C	Ventromedial nuclei
D	Central hypothalamus

Question 12 Explanation:

Hemorrhage in anterior & preoptic hypothalamus may cause acute hyperthermia accompanied by paradoxical vasoconstriction & tachycardia.

Question 13

Periodic hypothermia syndrome results due to lesion in which part of hypothalamus ?

A	Anterior and preoptic hypothalamus
B	Posterior hypothalamus
C	Ventromedial nuclei
D	Central hypothalamus

Question 13 Explanation:

Periodic hypothermia syndrome refers to episodic attacks of hypothermia, along with sweating, vasodilation, vomiting & bradycardia. It is due to lesion in posterior hypothalamus.

Question 14

Hyperphagia and obesity results due to lesion in which part of hypothalamus ?

A	Anterior and preoptic hypothalamus
B	Posterior hypothalamus
C	Ventromedial nuclei
D	Central hypothalamus

Question 14 Explanation:

Ventromedial nuclei of hypothalamus contain the energy-satiety responsive melanocortin receptors which are influenced by leptin, insulin, POMC & its products & gastrointestinal peptides. Craniopharyngiomas, trauma or inflammation can cause damage to ventromedial nuclei of hypothalamus leading to hyperphagia & obesity

Question 15

Central osmo-receptors are located in which part of hypothalamus ?

A	Preoptic nulcei of hypothalamus
B	Posterior hypothalamus
C	Ventromedial nuclei
D	Central hypothalamus

Question 15 Explanation:

Central osmo-receptors are located in preoptic nuclei of hypothalamus. Damage to them is associated with polydipsia & hypodipsia.

Question 16

Elevated serum catecholamine and cortisol levels result due to lesion in which part of hypothalamus ?

A	Anterior and preoptic hypothalamus
B	Posterior hypothalamus
C	Ventromedial nuclei
D	Central hypothalamus

Question 16 Explanation:

Stimulation of sympathetic neurons with consequent elevation of serum catecholamine & cortisol levels occurs due to lesions of central hypothalamus and are predisposed to cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension & gastric erosions.

Question 17

Which of the following is “rare” in the process of expansion of an intrasellar mass ?

A	Compression of intrasellar pituitary tissue
B	Invasion of dura to lift the optic chiasm
C	Lateral invasion to impinge on cavernous sinus
D	Bony erosion

Question 17 Explanation:

When an intrasellar mass expands, bony erosion & direct brain compression is rare. Compression of intrasellar pituitary tissue is the first event.

Question 18

Which of the following is an abnormal feature of pituitary MRI ?

A	Pituitary gland height is <8 mm in adults
B	Convex upper aspect of adult pituitary
C	Vertical pituitary stalk
D	Slightly heterogeneous soft tissue consistency

Question 18 Explanation:

Pituitary gland height is ~6 mm in children to 8 mm in adults. It increases during pregnancy & puberty to ~10 - 12 mm. Upper aspect of adult pituitary is flat or slightly concave, becomes convex in adolescent & pregnant.

Question 19

Which of the following is false regarding “nonadenomatous pituitary lesions” ?

A	Meningiomas are associated with bony hyperostosis
B	Craniopharyngiomas may be calcified & are hypodense
C	Gliomas are hyperdense on T2-weighted images
D	None of the above

Question 19 Explanation:

When larger pituitary masses (>1 cm) are encountered, they must be distinguished from nonadenomatous lesions like meningioma, craniopharyngiomas & gliomas

Question 20

On MRI, “pituitary bright spot” is due to ?

A	Anterior pituitary
B	Posterior pituitary
C	Pituitary stalk
D	None of the above

Question 21

On MRI, “pituitary bright spot” is due to high content in the posterior pituitary of ?

A	Tryptophan
B	Glucose
C	Phospholipid
D	Ascorbic acid

Question 21 Explanation:

High phospholipid content of posterior pituitary results in a “pituitary bright spot” on MRI.

Question 22

Features of sellar mass lesions involving optic chiasm include ?

A	Loss of red perception
B	Bitemporal hemianopia
C	Scotoma
D	All of the above

Question 23

Loss of red perception is due to pressure on ?

A	Optic nerve
B	Optic chiasm
C	Optic tract
D	All of the above

Question 23 Explanation:

Loss of red perception is an early sign of optic tract pressure. Bitemporal hemianopia or superior bitemporal defects are seen due to pressure of the expanding pituitary tumour because these tracts are located within inferior & posterior part of chiasm. Homonymous field defects are postchiasmal & monocular field cuts are prechiasmal.

Question 24

Which of the following is false about prolactin (PRL) ?

A	Normal adult serum PRL levels is 10-25 μg/L in women
B	Normal adult serum PRL levels is 10-20 μg/L in men
C	PRL secretion is pulsatile
D	PRL secretory peaks occur during NREM sleep

Once you are finished, click the button below. Any items you have not completed will be marked incorrect. Get Results

There are 24 questions to complete.

←

List

→

Return

Shaded items are complete.

1	2	3	4	5
6	7	8	9	10
11	12	13	14	15
16	17	18	19	20
21	22	23	24	End

Return

See all quizzes of Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus at here:

Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus- Part 1| Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus- Part 2| Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus- Part 3| Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus- Part 4|Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus- Part 5 |Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus- Part 6| Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus- Part 7

1.“CREB” stands for ?
A. Cholesterol response element binding protein
B. Cyclic AMP response element binding protein

C. Calcium response element binding protein
D. Cancer response element binding protein

2. Factors involved in initiation and promotion of pituitary tumors
include ?
A. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)
B. Loss of negative-feedback inhibition
C. Estrogen-mediated or paracrine angiogenesis
D. All of the above

3. Which of the following is a genetic syndrome associated with
pituitary tumors ?
A. Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 1
B. Carney syndrome
C. McCune-Albright syndrome
D. All of the above

4. Which of the following is not a feature of Hand-Schuller-Christian
disease ?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Exophthalmos
C. Punched-out lytic bone lesions
D. Axillary skin rash

5. Craniopharyngiomas arise near which of the following ?
A. Pituitary stalk
B. Anterior pituitary
C. Posterior pituitary
D. Hypothalamus

6. Diabetes insipidus can be caused by ?
A. Septo-Optic Dysplasia
B. Bardet-Biedl Syndrome

C. Transsphenoidal Surgery
D. All of the above
7 Diabetes insipidus can be caused by ?
A. Sarcoidosis
B. Histiocytosis X
C. Hemochromatosis
D. All of the above
8 Diabetes insipidus can be caused by ?
A. Craniopharyngiomas
B. Rathke’s cleft cysts
C. Hand-Schüller-Christian disease
D. All of the above
9 Diabetes insipidus can be caused by ?
A. Pituitary metastases
B. Brain germ-cell tumors
C. Amyloidosis
D. All of the above
10 Blood-borne metastatic deposits in pituitary gland are found mostly
in ?
A. Anterior pituitary
B. Posterior pituitary
C. Pituitary stalk
D. Any of the above

11 Pallister-Hall syndrome is associated with ?
A. Hypothalamic gliomas
B. Hypothalamic hamartomas
C. Pituitary metastases
D. Rathke’s cysts

12 Hyperthermia results due to lesion in which part of
hypothalamus ?
A. Anterior and preoptic hypothalamus
B. Posterior hypothalamus
C. Ventromedial nuclei
D. Central hypothalamus

13 Periodic hypothermia syndrome results due to lesion in which
part of hypothalamus ?

A. Anterior and preoptic hypothalamus
B. Posterior hypothalamus
C. Ventromedial nuclei
D. Central hypothalamus

14 Hyperphagia and obesity results due to lesion in which part of
hypothalamus ?
A. Anterior and preoptic hypothalamus
B. Posterior hypothalamus
C. Ventromedial nuclei
D. Central hypothalamus

15 Central osmo-receptors are located in which part of
hypothalamus ?
A. Preoptic nulcei of hypothalamus
B. Posterior hypothalamus
C. Ventromedial nuclei
D. Central hypothalamus

16 Elevated serum catecholamine and cortisol levels result due to
lesion in which part of hypothalamus ?
A. Anterior and preoptic hypothalamus
B. Posterior hypothalamus
C. Ventromedial nuclei
D. Central hypothalamus

17 Which of the following is “rare” in the process of expansion of an
intrasellar mass ?
A. Compression of intrasellar pituitary tissue
B. Invasion of dura to lift the optic chiasm
C. Lateral invasion to impinge on cavernous sinus
D. Bony erosion

18 Which of the following is an abnormal feature of pituitary MRI ?
A. Pituitary gland height is <8 mm in adults
B. Convex upper aspect of adult pituitary
C. Vertical pituitary stalk
D. Slightly heterogeneous soft tissue consistency

19 Which of the following is false regarding “nonadenomatous
pituitary lesions” ?
A. Meningiomas are associated with bony hyperostosis
B. Craniopharyngiomas may be calcified & are hypodense
C. Gliomas are hyperdense on T2-weighted images
D. None of the above

20 On MRI, “pituitary bright spot” is due to ?
A. Anterior pituitary
B. Posterior pituitary
C. Pituitary stalk
D. None of the above
21 On MRI, “pituitary bright spot” is due to high content in the
posterior pituitary of ?
A. Tryptophan
B. Glucose
C. Phospholipid
D. Ascorbic acid

22 Features of sellar mass lesions involving optic chiasm include ?
A. Loss of red perception
B. Bitemporal hemianopia
C. Scotoma
D. All of the above
23Loss of red perception is due to pressure on ?
A. Optic nerve
B. Optic chiasm
C. Optic tract
D. All of the above

24 Which of the following is false about prolactin (PRL) ?
A. Normal adult serum PRL levels is 10-25 μg/L in women
B. Normal adult serum PRL levels is 10-20 μg/L in men
C. PRL secretion is pulsatile
D. PRL secretory peaks occur during NREM sleep

Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus

[MCQ] Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus- Part 2

I. Start the exam by click the “Start” button

Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus- Part 2

Share this:

Related

[MCQ] Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus- Part 1

[MCQ] Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus- Part 3

You may also like

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply