The paraurethral glands are homologues to which of the following structures?
Urethral glands are present particularly in the superior part of the female urethra. The paraurethral glands are homologues to the prostate
Lithotripsy uses shock waves to break up which of the following structures?
Lithotripsy uses shock waves to break up a stone into small fragments that can be passed in the urine
Which of the following areas contributes to the major part of the prostate?
The lateral lobes on either side of the urethra form the major part of the prostate
The relationship (“water passing under the bridge”) is an especially important one for surgeons ligating which of the following arteries?
In its uppermost portion, at the base of the peritoneal broad ligament, the uterine artery runs transversely toward the cervix while the ureters pass immediately beneath them as they pass on each side of the cervix toward the bladder. This relationship (“water passing under the bridge”) is an especially important one for surgeons ligating the uterine artery, as in a hysterectomy
Immediately superior to the perineal membrane is located which of the following muscles?
Immediately superior to the perineal membrane is the deep transverse perineal muscle
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The navicular fossa is located in which of the following structures?
The lumen of the spongy urethra is approximately 5 mm in diameter: however, it is expanded in the bulb of the penis to form the intrabulbar fossa and in the glans penis to form the navicular fossa
All of the following nerves provide innervation to the scrotum EXCEPT
The anterior aspect of the scrotum is supplied by anterior scrotal nerves derived from the ilioinguinal and the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve. The posterior aspect of the scrotum is supplied by posterior scrotal nerves, provided by perineal branches of the pudendal and perineal branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
All of the following structures surround the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum EXCEPT
The penis is composed of three cylindrical bodies of erectile cavernous tissue enclosed by a fibrous capsule, the tunica albuginea. Superficial to the capsule is the deep fascia of the penis (Buck’s fascia). Superficial to the deep fascia is the loose areolar tissue, which lies just beneath the skin of the penis. The tunica dartos is located in the scrotum
Which of the following arteries gives rise to the deferential artery?
The tiny deferential artery usually arises from the inferior vesical artery and terminates by anastomosing with the testicular artery, posterior to the testis
Which of the following structures is located at the free anterior borders of the levator ani?
The tiny deferential artery usually arises from the inferior vesical artery and terminates by anastomosing with the testicular artery, posterior to the testis
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Which of the following structures is located at the free anterior borders of the levator ani?
The free anterior borders of the levator ani are separated by a gap, the urogenital hiatus, through which the urethra (and, in the female, the vagina) passes
Which of the following structures form a U-shaped sling around the anorectal junction?
The puborectalis muscle unites with its partner to from a U-shaped sling around the anorectal junction. The puborectalis is responsible for the anorectal angle (perineal flexure), which is important in maintaining fecal continence
Which of the following muscles is the larger part and most important muscle in the pelvic floor?
The levator ani, a broad muscular sheet, is the largest and most important muscle in the pelvic floor
Which of the following muscles passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
Each obturator internus passes posteriorly from the lesser pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen and turns sharply laterally to attach to the greater trochanter of the femur
Which of the following muscles leaves the lesser pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen?
The piriformis muscle leaves the lesser pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen to attach to the upper border of the greater trochanter of the femur
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The pelvic splanchnic nerves contain which of the following?
The pelvic splanchnic nerves contain parasympathetic fibers derived from S2, S3, and S4 spinal cord segments and visceral afferent fibers from cell bodies in the spinal ganglia of the corresponding spinal nerves
The internal iliac artery is crossed by which of the following structures at the level of the 4th intervertebral disc between L5 and S1?
The internal iliac artery begins at the level of the fourth disc between L5 and S1 vertebrae, where it is crossed by the ureter. It is separated from the sacroiliac joint by the internal iliac vein and the lumbosacral trunk
The superior end of the vagina surrounds which of the following structures?
The superior end of the vagina surrounds the cervix; the lower end passes anteroinferiorly through the pelvic floor to open in the vestibule
Which of the following nerves innervates the lower one fourth of the vagina?
Only the lower one-fifth to one-fourth of the vagina is somatic in terms of innervation. The innervation of this part of the vagina is from the deep perineal branch of the pudendal nerve
Which of the following structures forms the mesentery of the uterus?
The major part of the broad ligament, the mesentery of the uterus or mesometrium, is below the mesosalpinx and mesovarium
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The posterior part of the tendinous arch of pelvic fascia forms which of the following ligaments?
The anterior part of the tendinous arch of pelvic fascia forms the puboprostatic ligament in males or the pubovesical ligament in females. The posterior part of the tendinous arch of pelvic fascia forms the sacrogenital ligaments from the sacrum around the side of the rectum to attach to the prostate in the male or the vagina in the female
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