The type of nephron responsible for renal concentration is the:
The function of the peritubular capillaries is:
Blood flows through the nephron in the following order:
Filtration of protein is prevented in the glomerulus by:
Renin is secreted by the nephron in response to:
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The primary chemical affected by the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system is:
Secretion of renin is stimulated by:
The hormone aldosterone is responsible for:
The fluid leaving the glomerulus has a specific gravity of:
All of the following are reabsorbed by active transport in the tubules except:
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Which of the tubules is impermeable to water?
Glucose will appear in the urine when the:
The countercurrent mechanism takes place in the:
ADH regulates the final urine concentration by controlling:
When the body is dehydrated:
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Bicarbonate ions filtered by the glomerulus are returned to the blood:
If ammonia is not produced by the distal convoluted tubule, the urine pH will be:
The largest source of error in creatinine clearance tests is:
Given the following information, calculate the creatinine clearance: 24-hour urine volume: 1000 mL; serum creatinine: 2.0 mg/dL; urine creatinine: 200 mg/dL
Values for creatinine clearance tests on children are corrected for:
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Given the data serum creatinine: 1.1 mg/dL; age: 50 years, and weight: 72 kg, the estimated creatinine clearance using the Cockcroft-Gault formula is:
Variables that may be included in estimated creatinine clearance calculations include all of the following except:
An advantage to using cystatin C to monitor GFR is:
Solute dissolved in solvent will:
Substances that may interfere with measurement of urine and serum osmolarity include all of the following except:
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The normal serum osmolarity is:
After controlled fluid intake, the urine-to-serum osmolarity ratio should be at least:
Calculate the free water clearance from the following results: urine volume in 6 hours: 720 mL; urine osmolarity: 225 mOsm; plasma osmolarity: 300 mOsm
To provide an accurate measure of renal blood flow, a test substance should be completely:
Given the following data, calculate the effective renal plasma flow: urine volume in 2 hours: 240 mL; urine PAH: 150 mg/dL; plasma PAH: 0.5 mg/dL
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Renal tubular acidosis can be caused by the:
Tests performed to detect renal tubular acidosis after administering an ammonium chloride load include all of the following except:
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