The quizzes about Microscopic Examination of Urine (46 questions)

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Macroscopic screening of urine specimens is used to:

Provide results as soon as possible

Predict the type of urinary casts present

Increase cost-effectiveness of urinalysis

Decrease the need for polarized microscopy

Variations in the microscopic analysis of urine include all of the following except:

Preparation of the urine sediment

Amount of sediment analyzed

Method of reporting

Identification of formed elements

All of the following can cause false-negative microscopic results except:

Braking the centrifuge

Failing to mix the specimen

Dilute alkaline urine

Using midstream clean-catch specimens

The two factors that determine relative centrifugal force are:

Radius of rotor head and rpm

Radius of rotor head and time of centrifugation

Diameter of rotor head and rpm

RPM and time of centrifugation

When using the glass slide and coverslip method, which of the following might be missed if the coverslip is overflowed?

Casts

RBCs

WBCs

Bacteria

Initial screening of the urine sediment is performed using an objective power of:

100

Which of the following should be used to reduce light intensity in bright-field microscopy?

Centering screws

Aperture diaphragm

Rheostat

Condenser aperture diaphrgam

Which of the following are reported as number per LPF?

RBCs

WBCs

Crystals

Casts

The Sternheimer-Malbin stain is added to urine sediments to do all of the following except:

Increase visibility of sediment constituents

Change the constituents refractive index

Decrease precipitation of crystals

Delineate constituent structures

Nuclear detail can be enhanced by:

Prussian blue

Toluidine blue

Acetic acid

Both B and C

Which of the following lipids is/are stained by Sudan III?

Cholesterol

Neutral fats

Triglycerides

Both B and C

Which of the following lipids is/are capable of polarizing light?

Cholesterol

Neutral fats

Triglycerides

Both A and B

The purpose of the Hansel stain is to identify:

Neutrophils

Renal tubular cells

Eosinophils

Monocytes

Crenated RBCs are seen in urine that is:

Hyposthenuric

Hypersthenuric

Highly acidic

Highly alkaline

Differentiation among RBCs, yeast, and oil droplets may be accomplished by all of the following except:

Observation of budding in yeast cells

Increased refractility of oil droplets

Lysis of yeast cells by acetic acid

Lysis of RBCs by acetic acid

The finding of dysmorphic RBCs is indicative of:

Glomerular bleeding

Renal calculi

Traumatic injury

Coagulation disorders

Leukocytes that stain pale blue with SternheimerMalbin stain and exhibit brownian movement are:

Indicative of pyelonephritis

Basophils

Mononuclear leukocytes

Glitter cells

Mononuclear leukocytes are sometimes mistaken for:

Yeast cells

Squamous epithelial cells

Pollen grains

Renal tubular cells

When pyuria is detected in a sediment, the slide should be carefully checked for the presence of:

RBCs

Bacteria

Hyaline casts

Mucus

Transitional epithelial cells are sloughed from the:

Collecting duct

Vagina

Bladder

Proximal convoluted tubule

The largest cells in the urine sediment are:

Squamous epithlial cells

Urothelial epithelial cells

Cuboidal epithelial cells

Columnar epithelial cells

A clinically significant squamous epithelial cell is the:

Cuboidal cell

Clue cell

Caudate cell

Columnar cell

Forms of transitional epithelial cells include all of the following except:

Spherical

Caudate

Convoluted

Polyhedral

Increased transitional cells are indicative of:

Catheterization

Malignancy

Pyelonephritis

Both A and B

A primary characteristic used to identify renal tubular epithelial cells is:

Elongated structure

Centrally located nucleus

Spherical appearance

Eccentrically located nucleus

Following an episode of hemoglobinuria, RTE cells may contain:

Bilirubin

Hemosiderin granules

Porphobilinogen

Myoglobin

The predecessor of the oval fat body is the:

Histiocyte

Urothelial cell

Monocyte

Renal tubular cell

A structure believed to be an oval fat body produced a Maltese cross formation under polarized light but does not stain with Sudan III. The structure:

Contains cholesterol

Is not an oval fat body

Contains neutral fats

Is contaminated with immersion oil

The finding of yeast cells in the urine is commonly associated with:

Cystitis

Diabetes mellitus

Pyelonephritis

Liver disorders

The primary component of urinary mucus is:

Bence Jones protein

Microalbumin

Tamm-horsfall protein

Orthostatic protein

The majority of casts are formed in the:

Proximal convoluted tubules

Ascending loop of Henle

Distal convoluted tubules

Collecting ducts

Cylindroiduria refers to the presence of:

Cylindrical renal tubular cells

Mucus resembling casts

Hyaline and waxy casts

All types of casts

A person submitting a urine specimen following a strenuous exercise routine can normally have all of the following in the sediment except:

Hyaline casts

Granular casts

RBC casts

WBC casts

Prior to identifying an RBC cast, all of the following should be observed except:

Free-floating RBCs

Intact RBCs in the cast

Presence of a cast matrix

A positive reagent strip blood reaction

WBC casts are primarily associated with:

Pyelonephritis

Cystitis

Glomerulonephritis

Viral infections

The shape of the RTE cell associated with renal tubular epithelial casts is primarily:

Elongated

Cuboidal

Round

Columnar

When observing RTE casts, the cells are primarily:

Embedded in a clear matrix

Embedded in a granular matrix

Attached to the surface of a matrix

Stained by components of the urine filtrate

The presence of fatty casts is associated with:

Nephrotic syndrome

Crush injuries

Diabetes mellitus

All of the above

Nonpathogenic granular casts contain:

Cellular lysosomes

Degenerated cells

Protein aggregates

Gram-positive cocci

All of the following are true about waxy casts except they:

Represent extreme urine stasis

May have a brittle consistency

Require staining to be visualized

Contain degenerated granules

The observation of broad casts represents:

Destruction of tubular walls

Dehydraton and high fever

Formation in the collecting ducts

Both A and C

All of the following contribute to the formation of urinary crystals except:

Protein concentration

Solute concentration

Temperature

The most valuable initial aid for the identification of crystals in a urine specimen is:

Solubility

Staining

Polarized microscopy

Crystals associated with severe liver disease include all of the following except:

Bilirubin

Leucine

Cystine

Tyrosine

All of the following crystals routinely polarize except:

Uric acid

Cholesterol

Radiographic dye

Cystine

Differentiation between casts and fibers can usually be made using:

Solubility characteristics

Patient history

Polarized light

Fluorescent light

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Macroscopic screening of urine specimens is used to:

Variations in the microscopic analysis of urine include all of the following except:

All of the following can cause false-negative microscopic results except:

The two factors that determine relative centrifugal force are:

When using the glass slide and coverslip method, which of the following might be missed if the coverslip is overflowed?

Initial screening of the urine sediment is performed using an objective power of:

Which of the following should be used to reduce light intensity in bright-field microscopy?

Which of the following are reported as number per LPF?

The Sternheimer-Malbin stain is added to urine sediments to do all of the following except:

Nuclear detail can be enhanced by:

Which of the following lipids is/are stained by Sudan III?

Which of the following lipids is/are capable of polarizing light?

The purpose of the Hansel stain is to identify:

Crenated RBCs are seen in urine that is:

Differentiation among RBCs, yeast, and oil droplets may be accomplished by all of the following except:

The finding of dysmorphic RBCs is indicative of:

Leukocytes that stain pale blue with SternheimerMalbin stain and exhibit brownian movement are:

Mononuclear leukocytes are sometimes mistaken for:

When pyuria is detected in a sediment, the slide should be carefully checked for the presence of:

Transitional epithelial cells are sloughed from the:

The largest cells in the urine sediment are:

A clinically significant squamous epithelial cell is the:

Forms of transitional epithelial cells include all of the following except:

Increased transitional cells are indicative of:

A primary characteristic used to identify renal tubular epithelial cells is:

Following an episode of hemoglobinuria, RTE cells may contain:

The predecessor of the oval fat body is the:

A structure believed to be an oval fat body produced a Maltese cross formation under polarized light but does not stain with Sudan III. The structure:

The finding of yeast cells in the urine is commonly associated with:

The primary component of urinary mucus is:

The majority of casts are formed in the:

Cylindroiduria refers to the presence of:

A person submitting a urine specimen following a strenuous exercise routine can normally have all of the following in the sediment except:

Prior to identifying an RBC cast, all of the following should be observed except:

WBC casts are primarily associated with:

The shape of the RTE cell associated with renal tubular epithelial casts is primarily:

When observing RTE casts, the cells are primarily:

The presence of fatty casts is associated with:

Nonpathogenic granular casts contain:

All of the following are true about waxy casts except they:

The observation of broad casts represents:

All of the following contribute to the formation of urinary crystals except:

The most valuable initial aid for the identification of crystals in a urine specimen is:

Crystals associated with severe liver disease include all of the following except:

All of the following crystals routinely polarize except:

Differentiation between casts and fibers can usually be made using:

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