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WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE- Part 4
See all quizzes of WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE- Part 4 here:
1 Osmotically active substances in plasma
are
(A) Sodium (B) Chloride
(C) Proteins (D) All of these
2. Osmotic pressure of plasma is
(A) 80–100 milliosmole/litre
(B) 180–200 milliosmole/litre
(C) 280–300 milliosmole/litre
(D) 380–400 milliosmole/litre
3. Contribution of albumin to colloid osmotic
pressure of plasma is about
(A) 10% (B) 50%
(C) 80% (D) 90%
4. The highest concentration of proteins is
present in
(A) Plasma (B) Interstitial fluid
(C) Interstitial fluid (D) Transcellular fluid
5. Oncotic pressure of plasma is due to
(A) Proteins (B) Chloride
(C) Sodium (D) All of these
6. Oncotic pressure of plasma is about
(A) 10 mm of Hg (B) 15 mm of Hg
(C) 25 mm of Hg (D) 50 mm of Hg
7. Oedema can occur when
(A) Plasma Na and Cl are decreased
(B) Plasma Na and Cl are increased
(C) Plasma proteins are decreased
(D) Plasma proteins are increased
8. Colloid osmotic pressure of intracellular
fluid is
(A) Equal to that of plasma
(B) More than that of plasma
(C) More than that of plasma
(D) Nearly zero
9. The water produced during metabolic
reactions in an adult is about
(A) 100 ml/day (B) 300 ml/day
(C) 500 ml/day (D) 700 ml/day
10. The daily water loss through gastrointestinal
tract in an adult is about
(A) Less than 100 ml/day
(B) 200 ml/day
(C) 300 ml/day
(D) 400 ml/day
11. Recurrent vomiting leads to loss of
(A) Potassium (B) Chloride
(C) Bicarbonate (D) All of these
12. Obligatory reabsorption of water
(A) Is about 50% of the total tubular reabsorption
of water
(B) Is increased by antidiuretic hormone
(C) Occurs in distal convoluted tubules
(D) Is secondary to reabsorption of solutes
13. Antidiuretic hormone
(A) Is secreted by hypothalamus
(B) Secretion is increased when osmolality of
plasma decreases
(C) Increases obligatory reabsorption of water
(D) Acts on distal convoluted tubules and
collecting ducts
14. Urinary water loss is increased in
(A) Diabetes mellitus
(B) Diabetes insipidus
(C) Chronic glomerulonephritis
(D) All of these
15. Diabetes insipidus results from
(A) Decreased insulin secretion
(B) Decreased ADH secretion
(C) Decreased aldosterone secretion
(D) Unresponsiveness of osmoreceptors
16. Thiazide diuretics inhibit
(A) Carbonic anhydrase
(B) Aldosterone secretion
(C) ADH secretion
(D) Sodium reabsorption in distal tubules
17. Furosemide inhibits reabsorption of
sodium and chloride in
(A) Proximal convoluted tubules
(B) Loop of Henle
(C) Distal convoluted tubules
(D) Collecting ducts
18. A diuretic which is an aldosterone antagonist
is
(A) Spironolactone (B) Ethacrynic acid
(C) Acetazolamide (D) Chlorothiazide
19. In a solution having a pH of 7.4, the
hydrogen ion concentration is
(A) 7.4 nmol/L (B) 40 nmol/L
(C) 56 nmol/L (D) 80 nmol/L
20. At pH 7.4, the ratio of bicarbonate :
dissolved CO2 is
(A) 1 : 1 (B) 10 : 1
(C) 20 : 1 (D) 40 : 1
21. Quantitatively, the most significant buffer
system in plasma is
(A) Phosphate buffer system
(B) Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
(C) Lactic acid-lactate buffer system
(D) Protein buffer system
22. In a solution containing phosphate buffer,
the pH will be 7.4, if the ratio of
monohydrogen phosphate : dihydrogen
phosphate is
(A) 4 : 1 (B) 5 : 1
(C) 10 : 1 (D) 20 : 1
23. pKa of dihydrogen phosphate is
(A) 5.8 (B) 6.1
(C) 6.8 (D) 7.1
24. Buffering action of haemoglobin is mainly
due to its
(A) Glutamine residues
(B) Arginine residues
(C) Histidine residues
(D) Lysine residues
25. Respiratory acidosis results from
(A) Retention of carbon dioxide
(B) Excessive elimination of carbon dioxide
(C) Retention of bicarbonate
(D) Excessive elimination of bicarbonate
26. Respiratory acidosis can occur in all of the
following except
(A) Pulmonary oedema
(B) Hysterical hyperventilation
(C) Pneumothorax
(D) Emphysema
27. The initial event in respiratory acidosis is
(A) Decrease in pH
(B) Increase in pCO2
(C) Increase in plasma bicarbonate
(D) Decrease in plasma bicarbonate
28. Respiratory alkalosis can occur in
(A) Bronchial asthma
(B) Collapse of lungs
(C) Hysterical hyperventilation
(D) Bronchial obstruction
29. The primary event in respiratory alkalosis
is
(A) Rise in pH
(B) Decrease in pCO2
(C) Increase in plasma bicarbonate
(D) Decrease in plasma chloride
30. Anion gap is the difference in the plasma
concentrations of
(A) (Chloride) – (Bicarbonate)
(B) (Sodium) – (Chloride)
(C) (Sodium + Potassium) – (Chloride +
Bicarbonate)
(D) (Sum of cations) – (Sum of anions)
