[MCQ] Diabetes Mellitus- Part 6

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Diabetes Mellitus- Part 6

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Congratulations - you have completed Diabetes Mellitus- Part 6. You scored %%SCORE%% out of %%TOTAL%%. Your performance has been rated as %%RATING%%

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Question 1

Earliest sign of diabetic neuropathy is ?

A	Erectile dysfunction
B	Gastroparesis
C	Anhidrosis of the lower extremities
D	Distal sensory loss

Question 2

Drugs that improve symptoms of gastroparesis in DM include all except ?

A	Domperidone
B	Loperamide
C	Metoclopramide
D	Erythromycin

Question 2 Explanation:

Drugs that promote gastric emptying include dopamine agonists (metoclopramide, domperidone), bethanechol. Erythromycin interacts with motilin receptor and may promote gastric emptying. Diabetic diarrhea is treated symptomatically with loperamide and may respond to octreotide

Question 3

Which of the following statements is correct for cardiovascular death rate among men and women in type 2 DM ?

A	More in men than women
B	More in women than men
C	Equal in men and women
D	Any of the above

Question 3 Explanation:

After controlling for all known cardiovascular risk factors, type 2 DM increases the cardiovascular death rate twofold in men and fourfold in women

Question 4

Most common pattern of dyslipidemia in DM is ?

A	Increased LDLc
B	Reduced HDLc
C	Increased Tg
D	Increased Tg and reduced HDLc

Question 4 Explanation:

Most common pattern of dyslipidemia is hypertriglyceridemia & reduced HDL cholesterol levels.

Question 5

Which of the following should receive first priority in treating hyperlipidemia in DM ?

A	Lower LDLc
B	Raise HDLc
C	Lower triglycerides
D	Lower VLDLc

Question 5 Explanation:

Order of priorities in treatment of hyperlipidemia in DM is to lower LDLc, raise HDLc & lower triglycerides.

Question 6

Combination therapy of HMG CoA reductase inhibitor and fibric acid derivative increases the chances of ?

A	Gall stones
B	Myositis
C	Dementia
D	Skin rash

Question 6 Explanation:

Combination therapy with an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor and fibric acid derivative increases the possibility of myositis.

Question 7

In the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia, which of the following should not be used ?

A	HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
B	Bile acid binding resins
C	Fibric acid derivative
D	All of the above

Question 7 Explanation:

Bile acid binding resins should not be used if hypertriglyceridemia is present.

Question 8

All of the following drugs are glucose-neutral except ?

A	ACE inhibitors
B	Beta blockers
C	Calcium channel blockers
D	Central adrenergic antagonists

Question 8 Explanation:

ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, -adrenergic blockers, central adrenergic antagonists & vasodilators are glucose- and lipid-neutral. -blockers & thiazide diuretics increase insulin resistance.

Question 9

Which of the following infections occur almost exclusively in diabetics ?

A	Rhinocerebral mucormycosis
B	Emphysematous infections of gall bladder & urinary tract
C	“Malignant” or invasive otitis externa
D	All of the above

Question 9 Explanation:

Rare infections like rhinocerebral mucormycosis, emphysematous infections of gall bladder & urinary tract, and “malignant” or invasive otitis externa are seen almost exclusively in diabetics.

Question 10

A 1% rise in HbA1C translates into how much increase in mean glucose level ?

A	15 mg/dL
B	25 mg/dL
C	35 mg/dL
D	45 mg/dL

Question 10 Explanation:

A 1% rise in the A1C translates into a 35 mg/dL increase in the mean glucose level.

Question 11

In standardized assays, HbA1C of 6% approximates what level of mean plasma glucose value ?

A	105 mg/dL
B	115 mg/dL
C	125 mg/dL
D	135 mg/dL

Question 11 Explanation:

In standardized assays, HbA1C approximates the following mean plasma glucose values: 6% = 135 mg/dL, 7% = 170 mg/dL, 8% = 205 mg/dL.

Question 12

In patients who have achieved glycemic goal, ADA recommends measurement of the HbA1C how frequently ?

A	Once per year
B	Twice per year
C	Thrice per year
D	Four times per year

Question 12 Explanation:

In patients who have achieved glycemic goal, ADA recommends HbA1C estimation twice a year.

Question 13

Which disease may interfere with the HbA1C result ?

A	Hemoglobinopathies
B	Hemolytic anemia
C	Uremia
D	All of the above

Question 13 Explanation:

Depending on the assay methodology, hemoglobinopathies, hemolytic anemias, and uremia may interfere with the HbA1C result.

Question 14

Which other glycated compound can be measured for determining glycemic control ?

A	Albumin
B	Globulin
C	Ketone
D	All of the above

Question 14 Explanation:

Fructosamine assay (measuring glycated albumin) reflects glycemic status over prior 2 weeks but there are no studies to indicate whether such assays accurately predict the complications of DM.

Question 15

Plasma glucose values are higher than whole blood values by ?

A	2 - 5 %
B	5 - 10 %
C	10 - 15 %
D	15 - 20 %

Question 15 Explanation:

Plasma glucose values are 10-15% higher than whole blood values

Question 16

Mixing of intermediate and short-acting insulin formulations alters the insulin absorption profile of ?

A	Short-acting insulin
B	Intermediate acting insulin
C	Both of the above
D	None of the above

Question 16 Explanation:

Mixing of intermediate and short-acting insulin formulations may alter the insulin absorption profile especially of the short-acting insulins.

Question 17

Basal insulin is provided by which of the following insulins ?

A	Glargine insulin
B	Aspart
C	Lispro
D	Glulisine

Question 17 Explanation:

Intermediate- or long-acting insulins (NPH, lente, ultralente, glargine) supply basal insulin, whereas regular, aspart, or lispro provides prandial insulin.

Question 18

Which of the following insulin regimen reproduces the precise insulin secretory pattern of the pancreatic islet ?

A	Short + Intermediate
B	Short + long
C	Intermediate + long
D	None of the above

Question 18 Explanation:

No insulin regimen reproduces the precise insulin secretory pattern of the pancreatic islet.

Question 19

Fasting glucose is primarily determined by ?

A	Prior evening long-acting insulin
B	Morning short acting insulin
C	Morning long-acting insulin
D	Pre-supper short-acting insulin

Question 19 Explanation:

Fasting glucose is primarily determined by the prior evening long-acting insulin, pre-lunch glucose is a function of morning short-acting insulin, pre-supper glucose is a function of morning longacting insulin and bedtime glucose is a function of the pre-supper, short-acting insulin

Question 20

Which of the following insulins is used in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) ?

A	NPH
B	Ultralente
C	Glargine
D	Lispro

Question 20 Explanation:

Most physicians use lispro, glulisine, or insulin aspart in CSII.

Question 21

Oral glucose lowering agents that is effective in type 1 DM is ?

A	Sulfonylureas
B	Biguanides
C	Thiazolidinediones
D	Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Question 21 Explanation:

Oral glucose lowering agents with the exception of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and an amylin analogue are ineffective in type 1 DM.

Question 22

Weight gain does not occur with which of the following drugs for type 2 DM ?

A	Insulin
B	Insulin secretagogues
C	Thiazolidinediones
D	Metformin

Question 22 Explanation:

Metformin reduces fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels, improves the lipid profile, and promotes modest weight loss.

Question 23

PPAR- is found at highest levels in ?

A	Adipocytes
B	Liver
C	Skeletal muscles
D	Pancreas

Question 23 Explanation:

PPAR is a transcription factor that is activated by certain fatty acids, prostanoids & thiazolidinediones. Whereas the isoform PPAR1 is expressed in most tissues, PPAR2 is specific for adipose tissue, where it has a key role in regulation of normal adipocyte differentiation & proliferation as well as fatty acid uptake & storage.

Question 24

“PPAR” stands for ?

A	Peroxisome-protein-activated receptor
B	Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor
C	Peroxisome-producer-activated receptor
D	Peroxisome-promoter-activated receptor

Question 24 Explanation:

Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a subfamily of 48-member nuclearreceptor superfamily & regulate gene expression in response to ligand binding. Peroxisomeproliferator- activated receptor  (PPAR) is a transcription factor activated by thiazolidinediones (TZDs).

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See all quizzes of Diabetes Mellitus at here:

1.Earliest sign of diabetic neuropathy is ?
A. Erectile dysfunction
B. Gastroparesis
C. Anhidrosis of the lower extremities
D. Distal sensory loss

2. Drugs that improve symptoms of gastroparesis in DM include all
except ?
A. Domperidone
B. Loperamide
C. Metoclopramide
D. Erythromycin

3. Which of the following statements is correct for cardiovascular
death rate among men and women in type 2 DM ?
A. More in men than women
B. More in women than men
C. Equal in men and women
D. Any of the above

4. Most common pattern of dyslipidemia in DM is ?
A. Increased LDLc
B. Reduced HDLc
C. Increased Tg
D. Increased Tg and reduced HDLc

5. Which of the following should receive first priority in treating
hyperlipidemia in DM ?
A. Lower LDLc
B. Raise HDLc
C. Lower triglycerides
D. Lower VLDLc

6. Combination therapy of HMG CoA reductase inhibitor and fibric
acid derivative increases the chances of ?
A. Gall stones
B. Myositis
C. Dementia
D. Skin rash

7. In the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia, which of the following
should not be used ?
A. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
B. Bile acid binding resins
C. Fibric acid derivative
D. All of the above

8. All of the following drugs are glucose-neutral except ?
A. ACE inhibitors
B. Beta blockers
C. Calcium channel blockers
D. Central adrenergic antagonists

9. Which of the following infections occur almost exclusively in
diabetics ?
A. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis
B. Emphysematous infections of gall bladder & urinary tract
C. “Malignant” or invasive otitis externa
D. All of the above

10. A 1% rise in HbA1C translates into how much increase in mean
glucose level ?
A. 15 mg/dL
B. 25 mg/dL
C. 35 mg/dL
D. 45 mg/dL

11. In standardized assays, HbA1C of 6% approximates what level of
mean plasma glucose value ?
A. 105 mg/dL
B. 115 mg/dL
C. 125 mg/dL
D. 135 mg/dL

12. In patients who have achieved glycemic goal, ADA recommends
measurement of the HbA1C how frequently ?
A. Once per year
B. Twice per year
C. Thrice per year
D. Four times per year

13. Which disease may interfere with the HbA1C result ?
A. Hemoglobinopathies
B. Hemolytic anemia
C. Uremia
D. All of the above

14. Which other glycated compound can be measured for determining
glycemic control ?
A. Albumin
B. Globulin
C. Ketone
D. All of the above

15. Plasma glucose values are higher than whole blood values by ?
A. 2 – 5 %
B. 5 – 10 %
C. 10 – 15 %
D. 15 – 20 %

16. Mixing of intermediate and short-acting insulin formulations alters
the insulin absorption profile of ?
A. Short-acting insulin
B. Intermediate acting insulin
C. Both of the above
D. None of the above

17. Basal insulin is provided by which of the following insulins ?
A. Glargine insulin
B. Aspart
C. Lispro
D. Glulisine

18. Which of the following insulin regimen reproduces the precise
insulin secretory pattern of the pancreatic islet ?
A. Short + Intermediate
B. Short + long
C. Intermediate + long
D. None of the above

19. Fasting glucose is primarily determined by ?
A. Prior evening long-acting insulin
B. Morning short acting insulin
C. Morning long-acting insulin
D. Pre-supper short-acting insulin

20. Which of the following insulins is used in continuous
subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) ?
A. NPH
B. Ultralente
C. Glargine
D. Lispro

21. Oral glucose lowering agents that is effective in type 1 DM is ?
A. Sulfonylureas
B. Biguanides
C. Thiazolidinediones
D. Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

22. Weight gain does not occur with which of the following drugs for
type 2 DM ?
A. Insulin
B. Insulin secretagogues
C. Thiazolidinediones
D. Metformin

23. PPAR- is found at highest levels in ?
A. Adipocytes
B. Liver
C. Skeletal muscles
D. Pancreas

24. “PPAR” stands for ?
A. Peroxisome-protein-activated receptor
B. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor
C. Peroxisome-producer-activated receptor
D. Peroxisome-prom

Diabetes Mellitus

[MCQ] Diabetes Mellitus- Part 6

I. Start the exam by click the “Start” button

Diabetes Mellitus- Part 6

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