I. Start the exam by click the “Start” button
Composition of body fluids
See all quizzes of Composition of body fluids at here:
1.Water comprises what percentage of body weight in women ?
A. ~ 50 %
B. ~ 60 %
C. ~ 70 %
D. ~ 80 %
2. Water comprises what percentage of body weight in men ?
A. ~ 50 %
B. ~ 60 %
C. ~ 70 %
D. ~ 80 %
3. What percentage of total body water is found as intracellular fluid (ICF) ?
A. 15 – 35 %
B. 35 – 55 %
C. 55 – 75 %
D. 75 – 95 %
4. What percentage of total body water is found as extracellular fluid (ECF) ?
A. 15 – 25 %
B. 25 – 45 %
C. 45 – 55 %
D. 55 – 75 %
5. Ratio of water in intravascular and extravascular spaces is ?
A. 1 : 2
B. 2 : 1
C. 1 : 3
D. 3 : 1
6. Which of the following is correct ?
A. ECF osmolality = ICF osmolality
B. ECF osmolality < ICF osmolality
C. ECF osmolality > ICF osmolality
D. Any of the above
7. Which of the following is an ‘osmolyte’ ?
A. Myo-inositol
B. Betaine
C. Creatine
D. All of the above
8. Which of the following is a reflection of ECF volume ?
A. Total body Na+
B. Total body K+
C. Total body Cl
D. Total body HCO3-
9. A change in ICF osmolality is due to a change in ?
A. ICF water content
D. ~ 80 %
B. ICF Na+ content
C. ICF K+ content
D. ICF Cl– content
10. Which of the following is known as “ineffective osmole” ?
A. Inositol
B. Phospholipids
C. Urea
D. All of the above
11. Maximal urine osmolality can be ?
A. 500 mosmol/kg
B. 800 mosmol/kg
C. 1000 mosmol/kg
D. 1200 mosmol/kg
12. Minimum urine osmolality in humans can be ?
A. 50 mosmol/kg
B. 100 mosmol/kg
C. 150 mosmol/kg
D. 200 mosmol/kg
13. Thirst is mediated by ?
A. Increase in effective osmolality
B. Decrease in ECF volume
C. Decrease in blood pressure
D. All of the above
14. ‘Osmoreceptors’ are located in ?
A. Posterior pituitary
B. Anterolateral hypothalamus
C. Posteromedial hypothalamus
D. All of the above
15. Average osmotic threshold for thirst is approximately ?
A. 289 mosmol/kg
B. 291 mosmol/kg
C. 293 mosmol/kg
D. 295 mosmol/kg
20. Arginine vasopressin is synthesized in ?
A. Hypothalamus
B. Anterior pituitary gland
C. Posterior pituitary gland
D. All of the above
21. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is secreted by ?
A. Hypothalamus
B. Anterior pituitary gland
C. Posterior pituitary gland
D. All of the above
22. Receptor to which AVP binds in renal collecting ducts is ?
A. U2 receptor
B. V2 receptor
C. W2 receptor
D. X2 receptor
23. Water channels in collecting ducts activated by AVP are encoded by ?
A. Aquaporin-1 gene
B. Aquaporin-2 gene
C. Aquaporin-3 gene
D. Aquaporin-4 gene
24. Osmotic threshold for AVP release is ?
A. 260 to 270 mosmol/kg
B. 270 to 280 mosmol/kg
C. 280 to 290 mosmol/kg
D. 290 to 300 mosmol/kg
25. Nonosmotic factors that regulate AVP secretion include ?
A. Effective arterial volume
B. Pregnancy
C. Hypoglycemia
D. All of the above
26. Individuals eating a typical western diet consume what amount of NaCl daily ?
A. ~ 50 mmol
B. ~ 150 mmol
C. ~ 250 mmol
D. ~ 500 mmol
27. Major regulatory mechanism controlling sodium excretion is ?
A. GFR
B. Tubule Na+ reabsorption
C. Tubule water reabsorption
D. All of the above
28. Majority of filtered sodium is reabsorbed in ?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
C. Distal convoluted tubule
D. Cortical and medullary collecting ducts
29. Reabsorption of filtered sodium mediated by ‘thiazide – sensitive Na+ – Cl– cotransporter’ occurs in ?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle (TALH)
C. Distal convoluted tubule
D. Cortical & medullary collecting ducts
30. Reabsorption of filtered sodium mediated by ‘Na+ – K+ – 2Cl cotransporter’ occurs in ?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (TALH)
C. Distal convoluted tubule
D. Cortical and medullary collecting ducts
31. What quantity of fluid enters gastrointestinal tract daily as secretions ?
A. ~ 3 liters
B. ~ 5 liters
C. ~ 7 liters
D. ~ 9 liters
32. Fecal fluid loss is ?
A. 100 – 200 mL / day
B. 200 – 300 mL / day
C. 300 – 400 mL / day
D. 400 – 500 mL / day
33. Normally, sodium concentration of sweat is ?
A. 10 to 20 mmol/L
B. 20 to 50 mmol/L
C. 50 to 100 mmol/L
D. 120 to 150 mmol/L
34. Enhanced reabsorption of Na+ by collecting duct occurs due to ?
A. Increased aldosterone
B. Increased AVP secretion
C. Suppressed atrial natriuretic peptide secretion
D. All of the above
35. Normally, the BUN:creatinine ratio is about ?
A. 5:1
B. 10:1
C. 15:1
D. 20:1
36. An increased BUN:creatinine ratio may be due to ?
A. Prerenal azotemia
B. GI bleeding
C. Glucocorticoid therapy
D. All of the above
