[MCQ] Diabetes Mellitus- Part 7

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Diabetes Mellitus- Part 7

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Congratulations - you have completed Diabetes Mellitus- Part 7. You scored %%SCORE%% out of %%TOTAL%%. Your performance has been rated as %%RATING%%

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Question 1

PPAR is expressed in all except ?

A	Adipose tissue
B	Liver
C	Heart
D	Muscle

Question 1 Explanation:

PPAR is expressed in the liver, heart, and muscle, as well as in the vascular wall.

Question 2

Which of the following is a PPAR agonist ?

A	Fenofibrate
B	Bezafibrate
C	Gemfibrozil
D	All of the above

Question 2 Explanation:

Fibrates like fenofibrate, bezafibrate, ciprofibrate & gemfibrozil act as full or partial PPAR agonists

Question 3

PPAR is expressed in which of the following tissues ?

A	Skin
B	Brain
C	Adipose tissue
D	All of the above

Question 3 Explanation:

Highest expression of PPAR is in the skin, brain, and adipose tissue.

Question 4

Expression of PPAR is lowest in which of the following tissues ?

A	Adipose tissue
B	Pancreatic beta cells
C	Skeletal muscle
D	Macrophages

Question 4 Explanation:

PPAR is expressed most abundantly in adipose tissue but is also found in pancreatic beta cells, vascular endothelium, and macrophages. Its expression is low in tissues that express predominantly PPAR such as the liver, the heart, and skeletal muscle.

Question 5

Which of the following is true for “incretin” hormones ?

A	Decrease insulin secretion
B	Increase insulin secretion
C	Prevents insulin degradation
D	Augments insulin degradation

Question 5 Explanation:

The incretins are hormones that work to augment glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. There are two main incretin hormones in humans, GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide; also known as gastric inhibitory peptide) and GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1). GLP-1 inhibits glucagon secretion and delays stomach emptying. Both hormones are secreted by endocrine L cells located in the epithelium of small intestine. Glucose in small intestine stimulates incretin release. Incretins are carried through the circulation to their target tissue like pancreatic beta cells. Incretin stimulation of beta cells causes them to secrete more insulin in response to the same amount of blood glucose.

Question 6

Exenatide was originally isolated from ?

A	Snake venom
B	Lizard venom
C	Spider venom
D	Scorpion venom

Question 6 Explanation:

Exenatide is a peptide GLP-1 receptor agonist that was originally isolated from lizard venom. It is resistant to degradation by DPP-4, the major protease that breaks down GIP and GLP-1.

Question 7

‘Incretin effect’ refers to ?

A	Plasma insulin response to glucose taken orally is more than when administered intravenously
B	Plasma insulin response to glucose administered intravenously is more than when taken orally
C	Over response to insulin
D	Under response to insulin

Question 8

The major protease that breaks down GIP and GLP-1 is ?

A	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 1
B	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 2
C	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 3
D	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 4

Question 8 Explanation:

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is the enzyme responsible for the degradation of GLP-1 and GIP. DPP 4 is a cell-surface and circulating-peptidase enzyme and is also known as CD26 (a T-cell activating antigen). This has widespread expression throughout GI tract, pancreas, kidneys, thymus gland. Preventing degradation of incretin hormones by blocking action of DPP 4 has led to the creation of a new class of drugs known as ‘gliptins’. Sitagliptin (Januvia) is the first on the market in UK and was licensed in April 2007. It is a once-daily oral dose for combination with metformin or glitazones and not yet indicated for monotherapy. It is mostly excreted unchanged by kidneys. It involves active tubular secretion via OAT-3 and so renal function should be monitored.

Question 9

Which of the following is a ‘long acting’ insulin analogue ?

A	Insulin detemir
B	Insulin glulisine
C	Insulin lispro
D	Insulin aspart

Question 10

Which of the following drugs does not directly cause hypoglycemia ?

A	Biguanides
B	α glucosidase inhibitors
C	Thiazolidinediones
D	All of the above

Question 10 Explanation:

Biguanides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors & thiazolidinediones do not directly cause hypoglycemia

Question 11

Which of the following drugs is used as monotherapy for type 2 DM ?

A	Metformin
B	Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
C	Thiazolidinediones
D	All of the above

Question 11 Explanation:

Insulin secretagogues, biguanides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, exenatide & insulin are approved for monotherapy of type 2 DM.

Question 12

Which of the following elements potentiates action of insulin ?

A	Zinc
B	Copper
C	Chromium
D	Selenium

Question 12 Explanation:

Chromium potentiates action of insulin in those with impaired glucose tolerance by increasing insulin receptor mediated signaling. Rich food sources of chromium include yeast, meat & grain products.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is false ?

A	Pregnancy is associated with insulin resistance
B	High glucose levels are teratogenic to fetus
C	Insulin crosses placenta
D	Macrosomia is due to anabolic effects of insulin

Question 13 Explanation:

Pregnancy is associated with marked insulin resistance. Glucose at high levels is a teratogen to developing fetus, readily crosses placenta. Insulin does not cross placenta. Anabolic & growth effects of insulin results in macrosomia.

Question 14

Most crucial period of glycemic control during pregnancy is ?

A	Soon after fertilization
B	Around 3 months
C	Around 7 months
D	Intrapartum

Question 14 Explanation:

Most crucial period of glycemic control is soon after fertilization. The risk of fetal malformations is increased 4 to 10 times in individuals with uncontrolled DM at the time of conception.

Question 15

Gestational diabetes is best treated with ?

A	Insulin
B	Metformin
C	Sulfonylurea
D	Any of the above

Question 15 Explanation:

Therapy for GDM involves MNT & insulin, if hyperglycemia persists. Oral glucose-lowering agents have not been approved for use during pregnancy. More data on safety & efficacy of glyburide for management of gestational diabetes are needed before it supplants insulin as treatment agent of choice.

Question 16

Supplementation of which of the following in pregnancy with diabetes mellitus reduces risk of fetal neural tube defects ?

A	Iron
B	Calcium
C	Folate
D	Vitamin B12

Question 16 Explanation:

Folate supplementation reduces the incidence of fetal neural tube defects, which occur with greater frequency in fetuses of diabetic mothers

Question 17

In women with high risk for GDM, screening for glucose intolerance should be done between which weeks of pregnancy ?

A	3 & 12
B	12 & 24
C	24 & 28
D	28 & 36

Question 17 Explanation:

Current recommendations advise screening for glucose intolerance between weeks 24 and 28 of pregnancy in women with high risk for GDM.

Question 18

Leprechaunism is related to ?

A	General anesthesia
B	Lipodystrophy
C	Bulimia
D	All of the above

Question 18 Explanation:

Lipodystrophy, or the loss of subcutaneous fat tissue, may be generalized in the genetic condition leprechaunism. Generalized lipodystrophy is associated with severe insulin resistance and is accompanied by acanthosis nigricans and dyslipidemia.

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See all quizzes of Diabetes Mellitus at here:

1.PPAR is expressed in all except ?
A. Adipose tissue
B. Liver
C. Heart
D. Muscle

2.Which of the following is a PPAR agonist ?
A. Fenofibrate
B. Bezafibrate
C. Gemfibrozil
D. All of the above

3. PPAR is expressed in which of the following tissues ?
A. Skin
B. Brain
C. Adipose tissue
D. All of the above

4. Expression of PPAR is lowest in which of the following tissues ?
A. Adipose tissue
B. Pancreatic beta cells
C. Skeletal muscle
D. Macrophages

5. Which of the following is true for “incretin” hormones ?
A. Decrease insulin secretion
B. Increase insulin secretion
C. Prevents insulin degradation
D. Augments insulin degradation

6. Exenatide was originally isolated from ?
A. Snake venom
B. Lizard venom
C. Spider venom
D. Scorpion venom

8. ‘Incretin effect’ refers to ?
A. Plasma insulin response to glucose taken orally is more than
when administered intravenously
B. Plasma insulin response to glucose administered
intravenously is more than when taken orally
C. Over response to insulin
D. Under response to insulin
9. The major protease that breaks down GIP and GLP-1 is ?
A. Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 1
B. Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 2
C. Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 3
D. Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 4

10. Which of the following is a ‘long acting’ insulin analogue ?
A. Insulin detemir
B. Insulin glulisine
C. Insulin lispro
D. Insulin aspart

11. Which of the following drugs does not directly cause
hypoglycemia ?
A. Biguanides
B.  glucosidase inhibitors
C. Thiazolidinediones
D. All of the above

12. Which of the following drugs is used as monotherapy for type 2
DM ?
A. Metformin
B. Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
C. Thiazolidinediones
D. All of the above

13. Which of the following elements potentiates action of insulin ?
A. Zinc
B. Copper
C. Chromium
D. Selenium

14. Which of the following statements is false ?
A. Pregnancy is associated with insulin resistance
B. High glucose levels are teratogenic to fetus
C. Insulin crosses placenta
D. Macrosomia is due to anabolic effects of insulin

15. Most crucial period of glycemic control during pregnancy is ?
A. Soon after fertilization
B. Around 3 months
C. Around 7 months
D. Intrapartum

16. Gestational diabetes is best treated with ?
A. Insulin
B. Metformin
C. Sulfonylurea
D. Any of the above

17. Supplementation of which of the following in pregnancy with
diabetes mellitus reduces risk of fetal neural tube defects ?
A. Iron
B. Calcium
C. Folate
D. Vitamin B12

18. In women with high risk for GDM, screening for glucose
intolerance should be done between which weeks of pregnancy ?
A. 3 & 12
B. 12 & 24
C. 24 & 28
D. 28 & 36

19. Leprechaunism is related to ?
A. General anesthesia
B. Lipodystrophy
C. Bulimia
D. All of the above

Diabetes Mellitus

[MCQ] Diabetes Mellitus- Part 7

I. Start the exam by click the “Start” button

Diabetes Mellitus- Part 7

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