[MCQ] Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex- Part 2

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Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex- Part 2

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Congratulations - you have completed Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex- Part 2. You scored %%SCORE%% out of %%TOTAL%%. Your performance has been rated as %%RATING%%

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Question 1

What percentage of circulating cortisol is in the free, bioavailable form ?

A	< 5 percent
B	< 20 percent
C	< 30 percent
D	< 40 percent

Question 1 Explanation:

Free cortisol is a physiologically active hormone that is not protein-bound. Normally, <5% of circulating cortisol is free.

Question 2

Cortisol-binding system in plasma is ?

A	Transcortin
B	Adrenocortin
C	Epicortin
D	Anacortin

Question 3

Property of transcortin or cortisol-binding globulin (CBG) is ?

A	High-affinity, low-capacity
B	Low-affinity, high-capacity
C	High-affinity, high-capacity
D	Low-affinity, low-capacity

Question 4

Property of albumin for cortisol binding is ?

A	High-affinity, low-capacity
B	Low-affinity, high-capacity
C	High-affinity, high-capacity
D	Low-affinity, low-capacity

Question 4 Explanation:

Plasma has two cortisol-binding systems. One is a high-affinity, low-capacity 2-globulin termed transcortin or cortisol-binding globulin (CBG) and albumin which is a low-affinity, high-capacity protein

Question 5

Cortisol binds to albumin beyond what concentration ?

A	5 μg/dL
B	15 μg/dL
C	25 μg/dL
D	45 μg/dL

Question 5 Explanation:

When concentration of cortisol is > 25 μg/dL, part of excess binds to albumin.

Question 6

The cortisol-binding globulin (CBG) level is increased in ?

A	Pregnancy
B	Oral contraceptive administration
C	Both of the above
D	None of the above

Question 6 Explanation:

CBG is increased in high-estrogen states (pregnancy, oral contraceptive).

Question 7

Which of the following statements about cortisol metabolites is false ?

A	Biologically inactive
B	Bind weakly to circulating plasma proteins
C	Low levels in urine are typical of children with 3-HSD2 deficiency
D	None of the above

Question 7 Explanation:

Cortisol metabolites are biologically inactive & bind weakly to circulating plasma proteins.

Question 8

The daily secretion of cortisol ranges between ?

A	5 and 10 mg
B	10 and 15 mg
C	15 and 30 mg
D	30 and 60 mg

Question 8 Explanation:

Daily secretion of cortisol ranges between 15 & 30 mg (8 - 10 mg/m2), with a pronounced circadian cycle.

Question 9

Steroid inactivation occurs in ?

A	Liver
B	Lung
C	Kidney
D	All of the above

Question 10

11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD 1) is primarily expressed in ?

A	Liver
B	Lung
C	Kidney
D	All of the above

Question 10 Explanation:

Enzyme that regulates cortisol metabolism is 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11-HSD). Isoform 11-HSD 1 is primarily expressed in liver.

Question 11

Function of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 is ?

A	Converting inactive cortisone to active cortisol
B	Converting cortisol to inactive cortisone
C	Promote binding of free cortisol to transcortin
D	Inhibit binding of free cortisol to transcortin

Question 11 Explanation:

11-HSD 1 acts as a reductase, converting inactive cortisone to active glucocorticoid, cortisol.

Question 12

Function of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 is ?

A	Converting cortisone to cortisol
B	Converting cortisol to cortisone
C	Promote binding of free cortisol to transcortin
D	Inhibit binding of free cortisol to transcortin

Question 12 Explanation:

11-HSD 2 isoform converts cortisol to the inactive metabolite, cortisone.

Question 13

Average daily secretion of aldosterone ranges between ?

A	5 and 10 μg
B	10 and 15 μg
C	50 and 250 μg
D	300 and 600 μg

Question 13 Explanation:

With normal salt intake, average daily secretion of aldosterone is between 50 & 250 μg.

Question 14

What percentage of circulating aldosterone is normally inactivated during a single passage through liver ?

A	> 10 %
B	> 25 %
C	> 50 %
D	> 75 %

Question 15

The major androgen secreted by adrenal gland is ?

A	Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
B	Androstenedione
C	11β-hydroxyandrostenedione
D	Testosterone

Question 15 Explanation:

Major androgen secreted by adrenal is dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) & its sulfuric acid ester (DHEAS). Smaller amounts of androstenedione, 11-hydroxyandrostenedione & testosterone are secreted.

Question 16

The average daily secretion of androgens by adrenal gland ranges between ?

A	5 to 10 mg
B	10 to 15 mg
C	15 to 30 mg
D	50 to 100 mg

Question 16 Explanation:

~15 - 30 mg of androgens are secreted daily.

Question 17

In females, almost all urine 17-ketosteroids are derived from ?

A	Ovaries
B	Adrenal
C	Endometrium
D	All of the above

Question 18

Steroids pass through the cell membrane by ?

A	Passive diffusion
B	Active transport
C	Catalytic transport
D	All of the above

Question 18 Explanation:

Steroids diffuse passively through the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors

Question 19

Which of the following bind to both glucocorticoid & mineralocorticoid receptors ?

A	Glucocorticoids
B	Mineralocorticoids
C	Androgens
D	All of the above

Question 19 Explanation:

Glucocorticoids & mineralocorticoids bind with nearly equal affinity to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Only glucocorticoids bind to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR).

Question 20

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a precursor molecule for ?

A	ACTH
B	β Endorphin
C	α Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
D	All of the above

Question 20 Explanation:

ACTH, lipotropins, endorphins & melanocyte-stimulating hormones are processed from a larger precursor molecule proopiomelanocortin (POMC).

Question 21

POMC is made in ?

A	Brain
B	Anterior pituitary
C	Posterior pituitary
D	All of the above

Question 22

POMC (Pro-opiomelanocortin) is made in ?

A	Anterior pituitary
B	Posterior pituitary
C	Lymphocytes
D	All of the above

Question 22 Explanation:

POMC is made in brain, anterior & posterior pituitary and lymphocytes

Question 23

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a precursor molecule for ?

A	β-Lipotropin
B	Metenkephalin
C	Corticotropin-like intermediate lobe protein (CLIP)
D	All of the above

Question 24

The POMC gene is induced by all except ?

A	CRH
B	Glucocorticoids
C	Arginine vasopressin
D	IL-6

Question 25

ACTH is synthesized and stored in ?

A	Acidophilic cells of anterior pituitary
B	Basophilic cells of anterior pituitary
C	Acidophilic cells of posterior pituitary
D	Basophilic cells of posterior pituitary

Question 25 Explanation:

ACTH, a 39-amino-acid peptide, is synthesized & stored in basophilic cells of anterior pituitary.

Question 26

Major factors controlling ACTH release include ?

A	Corticotropin-releasing hormone
B	Free plasma cortisol concentration
C	Sleep-wake cycle
D	All of the above

Question 26 Explanation:

Release of ACTH from anterior pituitary gland is stimulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) produced in median eminence of hypothalamus. Free plasma cortisol concentration, stress & sleep-wake cycle also control ACTH release.

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See all quizzes of Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex at here:

1.What percentage of circulating cortisol is in the free, bioavailable
form ?
A. < 5 percent
B. < 20 percent
C. < 30 percent
D. < 40 percent

2. Cortisol-binding system in plasma is ?
A. Transcortin
B. Adrenocortin
C. Epicortin
D. Anacortin
3. Property of transcortin or cortisol-binding globulin (CBG) is ?
A. High-affinity, low-capacity
B. Low-affinity, high-capacity
C. High-affinity, high-capacity
D. Low-affinity, low-capacity
4. Property of albumin for cortisol binding is ?
A. High-affinity, low-capacity
B. Low-affinity, high-capacity
C. High-affinity, high-capacity
D. Low-affinity, low-capacity

5. Cortisol binds to albumin beyond what concentration ?

A. 5 μg/dL
B. 15 μg/dL
C. 25 μg/dL
D. 45 μg/dL

6. The cortisol-binding globulin (CBG) level is increased in ?
A. Pregnancy
B. Oral contraceptive administration
C. Both of the above
D. None of the above

7. Which of the following statements about cortisol metabolites is
false ?
A. Biologically inactive
B. Bind weakly to circulating plasma proteins
C. Low levels in urine are typical of children with 3-HSD2
deficiency
D. None of the above
Cortisol metabolites are biologically inactive & bind weakly to circulating plasma proteins.
8. The daily secretion of cortisol ranges between ?
A. 5 and 10 mg
B. 10 and 15 mg
C. 15 and 30 mg
D. 30 and 60 mg

9. Steroid inactivation occurs in ?
A. Liver
B. Lung
C. Kidney
D. All of the above
10.11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11-HSD 1) is primarily
expressed in ?
A. Liver
B. Lung
C. Kidney
D. All of the above

11. Function of 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 is ?
A. Converting inactive cortisone to active cortisol
B. Converting cortisol to inactive cortisone

C. Promote binding of free cortisol to transcortin
D. Inhibit binding of free cortisol to transcortin

12. Function of 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 is ?
A. Converting cortisone to cortisol
B. Converting cortisol to cortisone
C. Promote binding of free cortisol to transcortin
D. Inhibit binding of free cortisol to transcortin

13. Average daily secretion of aldosterone ranges between ?
A. 5 and 10 μg
B. 10 and 15 μg
C. 50 and 250 μg
D. 300 and 600 μg

14. What percentage of circulating aldosterone is normally inactivated
during a single passage through liver ?
A. > 10 %
B. > 25 %
C. > 50 %
D. > 75 %

15. The major androgen secreted by adrenal gland is ?
A. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
B. Androstenedione
C. 11-hydroxyandrostenedione
D. Testosterone

16. The average daily secretion of androgens by adrenal gland ranges
between ?
A. 5 to 10 mg
B. 10 to 15 mg
C. 15 to 30 mg
D. 50 to 100 mg

17.In females, almost all urine 17-ketosteroids are derived from ?
A. Ovaries
B. Adrenal
C. Endometrium
D. All of the above

18. Steroids pass through the cell membrane by ?
A. Passive diffusion
B. Active transport
C. Catalytic transport
D. All of the above

19. Which of the following bind to both glucocorticoid &
mineralocorticoid receptors ?
A. Glucocorticoids
B. Mineralocorticoids
C. Androgens
D. All of the above

20. Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a precursor molecule for ?
A. ACTH
B. Endorphin
C. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
D. All of the above

21. POMC is made in ?
A. Brain
B. Anterior pituitary
C. Posterior pituitary
D. All of the above
22. POMC (Pro-opiomelanocortin) is made in ?
A. Anterior pituitary
B. Posterior pituitary
C. Lymphocytes
D. All of the above

23. Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a precursor molecule for ?
A. -Lipotropin
B. Metenkephalin
C. Corticotropin-like intermediate lobe protein (CLIP)
D. All of the above
24. The POMC gene is induced by all except ?
A. CRH

B. Glucocorticoids
C. Arginine vasopressin
D. IL-6
25. ACTH is synthesized and stored in ?
A. Acidophilic cells of anterior pituitary
B. Basophilic cells of anterior pituitary
C. Acidophilic cells of posterior pituitary
D. Basophilic cells of posterior pituitary

26. Major factors controlling ACTH release include ?
A. Corticotropin-releasing hormone
B. Free plasma cortisol concentration
C. Sleep-wake cycle
D. All of the above

Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex

[MCQ] Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex- Part 2

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Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex- Part 2

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